Common Effluent Treatment Plants Monitoring and Process Augmentation Options to Conform Non-potable Reuse
The stringency in effluent discharge and reuse standards has made it extremely expensive to discharge the effluents safely or reuse them. Therefore, existing wastewater treatment plants should be evaluated and improved or augmented. With this aim, five existing common effluent treatment plants (CETP...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2021.741343/full |
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| author | Muntjeer Ali Abdulaziz Ibrahim Almohana Abdulrhman Fahmi Alali Mohab Amin Kamal Abbas Khursheed Anwar Khursheed Anwar Khursheed A. A. Kazmi |
| author_facet | Muntjeer Ali Abdulaziz Ibrahim Almohana Abdulrhman Fahmi Alali Mohab Amin Kamal Abbas Khursheed Anwar Khursheed Anwar Khursheed A. A. Kazmi |
| author_sort | Muntjeer Ali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The stringency in effluent discharge and reuse standards has made it extremely expensive to discharge the effluents safely or reuse them. Therefore, existing wastewater treatment plants should be evaluated and improved or augmented. With this aim, five existing common effluent treatment plants (CETPs) in North India were evaluated, including: the State infrastructure Development Corporation Uttrakhand Limited (SIDCUL) Haridwar, which processes 4.5 Million Liters per day (MLD); the Industrial Model Township (IMT) Manesar Gurgaon, 55 MLD (comprising two streams of 25 and 30 MLD each); the Lawrence Road Industrial Area (LRIA), Delhi, 12MLD (12MLD LRIA); Mayapuri Industrial Area (MIA), Delhi, 12MLD; and the Integrated Industrial Estate (IIE) SIDCUL Pantnagar, 4.0 MLD. These plants were designed to produce treated effluent for non-potable reuse. Results showed that the integrated efficiency (IEa) of all CETPs was 10–20% larger than standard integrated efficiency (IEs), indicating the suitability of the technology, except for 12MLD at MIA CETP where the IEa was 20% lower than IEs, due to the absence of any biological unit in the process. Combined post-treatment of secondary effluent by coagulation, Ultrafiltration (UF), followed by ozonation for CETP SIDCUL Haridwar, was also conducted for its non-potable water reuse. This process was able to reduce Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) by 77%, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) by 76%, turbidity by 96%, and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) by 100%. All these parameters confirmed the effluent standards for non-potable reuse. The color was reduced to 4.0 from 42.0 Pt-Co units by the exposure ozone concentration of 8.3 mg/L for up to 4.0 min on the treated water from SIDCUL CETP, which reduced the color by 90% and complied with reuse standards. Hence Combined post treatment by coagulation, UF followed Ozonation of secondary treated effluent could be a better option for the potable reuse of treated water in various domestic and industrial applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T23:30:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1b9a2c51e3ed40b599ccc5e00392ff3d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-665X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T23:30:18Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-1b9a2c51e3ed40b599ccc5e00392ff3d2022-12-21T22:43:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Environmental Science2296-665X2021-12-01910.3389/fenvs.2021.741343741343Common Effluent Treatment Plants Monitoring and Process Augmentation Options to Conform Non-potable ReuseMuntjeer Ali0Abdulaziz Ibrahim Almohana1Abdulrhman Fahmi Alali2Mohab Amin Kamal3Abbas Khursheed4Anwar Khursheed5Anwar Khursheed6A. A. Kazmi7Environmental Engineering Group, Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR) Uttarakhand (India), Roorkee, IndiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Z.H. College of Engineering and Technology, AMU, Aligarh, IndiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Z.H. College of Engineering and Technology, AMU, Aligarh, IndiaEnvironmental Engineering Group, Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR) Uttarakhand (India), Roorkee, IndiaThe stringency in effluent discharge and reuse standards has made it extremely expensive to discharge the effluents safely or reuse them. Therefore, existing wastewater treatment plants should be evaluated and improved or augmented. With this aim, five existing common effluent treatment plants (CETPs) in North India were evaluated, including: the State infrastructure Development Corporation Uttrakhand Limited (SIDCUL) Haridwar, which processes 4.5 Million Liters per day (MLD); the Industrial Model Township (IMT) Manesar Gurgaon, 55 MLD (comprising two streams of 25 and 30 MLD each); the Lawrence Road Industrial Area (LRIA), Delhi, 12MLD (12MLD LRIA); Mayapuri Industrial Area (MIA), Delhi, 12MLD; and the Integrated Industrial Estate (IIE) SIDCUL Pantnagar, 4.0 MLD. These plants were designed to produce treated effluent for non-potable reuse. Results showed that the integrated efficiency (IEa) of all CETPs was 10–20% larger than standard integrated efficiency (IEs), indicating the suitability of the technology, except for 12MLD at MIA CETP where the IEa was 20% lower than IEs, due to the absence of any biological unit in the process. Combined post-treatment of secondary effluent by coagulation, Ultrafiltration (UF), followed by ozonation for CETP SIDCUL Haridwar, was also conducted for its non-potable water reuse. This process was able to reduce Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) by 77%, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) by 76%, turbidity by 96%, and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) by 100%. All these parameters confirmed the effluent standards for non-potable reuse. The color was reduced to 4.0 from 42.0 Pt-Co units by the exposure ozone concentration of 8.3 mg/L for up to 4.0 min on the treated water from SIDCUL CETP, which reduced the color by 90% and complied with reuse standards. Hence Combined post treatment by coagulation, UF followed Ozonation of secondary treated effluent could be a better option for the potable reuse of treated water in various domestic and industrial applications.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2021.741343/fullcommon effluent treatment plantperformance evaluationcoagulationultrafiltrationozonationnon-potable reuse |
| spellingShingle | Muntjeer Ali Abdulaziz Ibrahim Almohana Abdulrhman Fahmi Alali Mohab Amin Kamal Abbas Khursheed Anwar Khursheed Anwar Khursheed A. A. Kazmi Common Effluent Treatment Plants Monitoring and Process Augmentation Options to Conform Non-potable Reuse Frontiers in Environmental Science common effluent treatment plant performance evaluation coagulation ultrafiltration ozonation non-potable reuse |
| title | Common Effluent Treatment Plants Monitoring and Process Augmentation Options to Conform Non-potable Reuse |
| title_full | Common Effluent Treatment Plants Monitoring and Process Augmentation Options to Conform Non-potable Reuse |
| title_fullStr | Common Effluent Treatment Plants Monitoring and Process Augmentation Options to Conform Non-potable Reuse |
| title_full_unstemmed | Common Effluent Treatment Plants Monitoring and Process Augmentation Options to Conform Non-potable Reuse |
| title_short | Common Effluent Treatment Plants Monitoring and Process Augmentation Options to Conform Non-potable Reuse |
| title_sort | common effluent treatment plants monitoring and process augmentation options to conform non potable reuse |
| topic | common effluent treatment plant performance evaluation coagulation ultrafiltration ozonation non-potable reuse |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2021.741343/full |
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