Mapping the Risk of Occurrence of Defects in Façades with Ceramic Claddings
When a building façade does not meet its performance requirements, the integrity and safety of the structure may be compromised, resulting in the reduction of the building’s service life. Ceramic tiles are a commonly applied cladding solution due to their aesthetic value and durability. However, as...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Buildings |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/13/5/1209 |
| _version_ | 1797600756895842304 |
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| author | Wilamy Castro Jéssica Souza Pedro Gaspar Ana Silva |
| author_facet | Wilamy Castro Jéssica Souza Pedro Gaspar Ana Silva |
| author_sort | Wilamy Castro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | When a building façade does not meet its performance requirements, the integrity and safety of the structure may be compromised, resulting in the reduction of the building’s service life. Ceramic tiles are a commonly applied cladding solution due to their aesthetic value and durability. However, as soon as ceramic claddings are installed, the claddings are subjected to various degradation agents, thus starting a degradation process in which different anomalies occur sequentially and simultaneously over the years. This study intends to find patterns of incidence of anomalies in distinct areas of the façade and to map the risk of occurrence of a given anomaly. For that purpose, 345 ceramic claddings are analysed (46 buildings, corresponding to 81,500 m<sup>2</sup>) in the region of Brasília, Brazil. Four main defects are identified based on visual inspections and using auxiliary diagnosis techniques, namely (i) detachment of ceramic tiles; (ii) cracking; (iii) grout failure; (iv) efflorescence. The results reveal that the detachment is the most frequent defect. The sensitivity maps proposed allow identifying a certain pattern in the occurrence of defects on ceramic claddings, revealing that continuous walls, transition between floors, and the top of the building are areas critically vulnerable to defects. The results obtained allow mapping the sensitivity of each part of the ceramic claddings to a given defect, aiding the detection and diagnosis of the degradation condition when carrying out inspections on new façades. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:52:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1b9ae07ba5b24d3387527e3053479dcd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-5309 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:52:24Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Buildings |
| spelling | doaj.art-1b9ae07ba5b24d3387527e3053479dcd2023-11-18T00:45:04ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092023-05-01135120910.3390/buildings13051209Mapping the Risk of Occurrence of Defects in Façades with Ceramic CladdingsWilamy Castro0Jéssica Souza1Pedro Gaspar2Ana Silva3Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, PECC—University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília 70910-900, BrazilCivil and Environmental Engineering Department, PECC—University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília 70910-900, BrazilLisbon School of Architecture, University of Lisbon, R. Sá Nogueira, 1349-063 Lisbon, PortugalCivil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability (CERIS), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, PortugalWhen a building façade does not meet its performance requirements, the integrity and safety of the structure may be compromised, resulting in the reduction of the building’s service life. Ceramic tiles are a commonly applied cladding solution due to their aesthetic value and durability. However, as soon as ceramic claddings are installed, the claddings are subjected to various degradation agents, thus starting a degradation process in which different anomalies occur sequentially and simultaneously over the years. This study intends to find patterns of incidence of anomalies in distinct areas of the façade and to map the risk of occurrence of a given anomaly. For that purpose, 345 ceramic claddings are analysed (46 buildings, corresponding to 81,500 m<sup>2</sup>) in the region of Brasília, Brazil. Four main defects are identified based on visual inspections and using auxiliary diagnosis techniques, namely (i) detachment of ceramic tiles; (ii) cracking; (iii) grout failure; (iv) efflorescence. The results reveal that the detachment is the most frequent defect. The sensitivity maps proposed allow identifying a certain pattern in the occurrence of defects on ceramic claddings, revealing that continuous walls, transition between floors, and the top of the building are areas critically vulnerable to defects. The results obtained allow mapping the sensitivity of each part of the ceramic claddings to a given defect, aiding the detection and diagnosis of the degradation condition when carrying out inspections on new façades.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/13/5/1209degradationfaçadesceramic claddingsriskmapping |
| spellingShingle | Wilamy Castro Jéssica Souza Pedro Gaspar Ana Silva Mapping the Risk of Occurrence of Defects in Façades with Ceramic Claddings Buildings degradation façades ceramic claddings risk mapping |
| title | Mapping the Risk of Occurrence of Defects in Façades with Ceramic Claddings |
| title_full | Mapping the Risk of Occurrence of Defects in Façades with Ceramic Claddings |
| title_fullStr | Mapping the Risk of Occurrence of Defects in Façades with Ceramic Claddings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mapping the Risk of Occurrence of Defects in Façades with Ceramic Claddings |
| title_short | Mapping the Risk of Occurrence of Defects in Façades with Ceramic Claddings |
| title_sort | mapping the risk of occurrence of defects in facades with ceramic claddings |
| topic | degradation façades ceramic claddings risk mapping |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/13/5/1209 |
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