3D Scaffolds Fabrication via Bicomponent Microgels Assembly: Process Optimization and <i>In Vitro</i> Characterization
In the last decade, different technological approaches have been proposed for the fabrication of 3D models suitable to evaluate <i>in vitro</i> cell response. Among them, electro fluid dynamic atomization (EFDA) belonging to the family of electro-assisted technologies allows for the drop...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Micromachines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/10/1726 |
| _version_ | 1797471122752536576 |
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| author | Iriczalli Cruz-Maya Vincenzo Guarino |
| author_facet | Iriczalli Cruz-Maya Vincenzo Guarino |
| author_sort | Iriczalli Cruz-Maya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the last decade, different technological approaches have been proposed for the fabrication of 3D models suitable to evaluate <i>in vitro</i> cell response. Among them, electro fluid dynamic atomization (EFDA) belonging to the family of electro-assisted technologies allows for the dropping of polysaccharides and/or proteins solutions to produce micro-scaled hydrogels or microgels with the peculiar features of hydrogel-like materials (i.e., biocompatibility, wettability, swelling). In this work, a method to fabricate 3D scaffolds by the assembly of bicomponent microgels made of sodium alginate and gelatin was proposed. As first step, optical and scanning electron microscopy with the support of image analysis enabled to explore the basic properties of single blocks in terms of correlation between particle morphology and process parameters (i.e., voltage, flow rate, electrode gap, and needle diameter). Chemical analysis via ninhydrin essays and FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of gelatin, mostly retained by physical interactions into the alginate network mediated by electrostatic forces. <i>In vitro</i> tests confirmed the effect of biochemical signals exerted by the protein on the biological response of hMSCs cultured onto the microgels surface. Hence, it is concluded that alginate/gelatin microgels assemblies can efficiently work as 3D scaffolds able to support <i>in vitro</i> cells functions, thus providing a friendly microenvironment to investigate <i>in vitro</i> cell interactions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:46:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1b9e098fabfd4051910d333c86acaf23 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:46:03Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj.art-1b9e098fabfd4051910d333c86acaf232023-11-24T01:23:24ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2022-10-011310172610.3390/mi131017263D Scaffolds Fabrication via Bicomponent Microgels Assembly: Process Optimization and <i>In Vitro</i> CharacterizationIriczalli Cruz-Maya0Vincenzo Guarino1Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d’Oltremare, Pad. 20, V. le J. F. Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, ItalyInstitute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d’Oltremare, Pad. 20, V. le J. F. Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, ItalyIn the last decade, different technological approaches have been proposed for the fabrication of 3D models suitable to evaluate <i>in vitro</i> cell response. Among them, electro fluid dynamic atomization (EFDA) belonging to the family of electro-assisted technologies allows for the dropping of polysaccharides and/or proteins solutions to produce micro-scaled hydrogels or microgels with the peculiar features of hydrogel-like materials (i.e., biocompatibility, wettability, swelling). In this work, a method to fabricate 3D scaffolds by the assembly of bicomponent microgels made of sodium alginate and gelatin was proposed. As first step, optical and scanning electron microscopy with the support of image analysis enabled to explore the basic properties of single blocks in terms of correlation between particle morphology and process parameters (i.e., voltage, flow rate, electrode gap, and needle diameter). Chemical analysis via ninhydrin essays and FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of gelatin, mostly retained by physical interactions into the alginate network mediated by electrostatic forces. <i>In vitro</i> tests confirmed the effect of biochemical signals exerted by the protein on the biological response of hMSCs cultured onto the microgels surface. Hence, it is concluded that alginate/gelatin microgels assemblies can efficiently work as 3D scaffolds able to support <i>in vitro</i> cells functions, thus providing a friendly microenvironment to investigate <i>in vitro</i> cell interactions.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/10/1726scaffoldsalginategelatinhMSCbiocompatibility |
| spellingShingle | Iriczalli Cruz-Maya Vincenzo Guarino 3D Scaffolds Fabrication via Bicomponent Microgels Assembly: Process Optimization and <i>In Vitro</i> Characterization Micromachines scaffolds alginate gelatin hMSC biocompatibility |
| title | 3D Scaffolds Fabrication via Bicomponent Microgels Assembly: Process Optimization and <i>In Vitro</i> Characterization |
| title_full | 3D Scaffolds Fabrication via Bicomponent Microgels Assembly: Process Optimization and <i>In Vitro</i> Characterization |
| title_fullStr | 3D Scaffolds Fabrication via Bicomponent Microgels Assembly: Process Optimization and <i>In Vitro</i> Characterization |
| title_full_unstemmed | 3D Scaffolds Fabrication via Bicomponent Microgels Assembly: Process Optimization and <i>In Vitro</i> Characterization |
| title_short | 3D Scaffolds Fabrication via Bicomponent Microgels Assembly: Process Optimization and <i>In Vitro</i> Characterization |
| title_sort | 3d scaffolds fabrication via bicomponent microgels assembly process optimization and i in vitro i characterization |
| topic | scaffolds alginate gelatin hMSC biocompatibility |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/10/1726 |
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