Designing a new physical activity calorie equivalent food label and comparing its effect on caloric choices to that of the traffic light label among mothers: a mixed-method study
ObjectiveWe designed a new type of ‘physical activity calorie equivalent’ (PACE) food label in Iran to compare its effect with that of the traffic light food label (TLL) on caloric choices.DesignMixed-method study.ParticipantsMothers of school children between the ages of 6–12 years.SettingIn the qu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1280532/full |
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| author | Shirin Seyedhamzeh Shirin Seyedhamzeh Saharnaz Nedjat Elham Shakibazadeh Azam Doustmohammadian Hedayat Hosseini Asma Kazemi Nafiseh Azizolahi Maryam Chamary Cain C. T. Clark Ahmadreza Dorosty Motlagh |
| author_facet | Shirin Seyedhamzeh Shirin Seyedhamzeh Saharnaz Nedjat Elham Shakibazadeh Azam Doustmohammadian Hedayat Hosseini Asma Kazemi Nafiseh Azizolahi Maryam Chamary Cain C. T. Clark Ahmadreza Dorosty Motlagh |
| author_sort | Shirin Seyedhamzeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectiveWe designed a new type of ‘physical activity calorie equivalent’ (PACE) food label in Iran to compare its effect with that of the traffic light food label (TLL) on caloric choices.DesignMixed-method study.ParticipantsMothers of school children between the ages of 6–12 years.SettingIn the qualitative phase, 10 focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with various groups of mothers, and two FGDs were conducted with food science and nutrition experts to design a new PACE label. In the quantitative phase, 496 mothers were randomly assigned to five groups: (1) no nutrition label, (2) current TLL, (3) current TLL + educational brochure, (4) PACE label, and (5) PACE label + brochure. Samples of dairy products, beverages, cakes, and biscuits were presented. ANOVA and multiple linear regressions were applied to examine the association between label types and calories of the selected products as our main outcome.ResultsThe mothers’ perspectives were classified into two sub-themes, the PACE label’s facilitators and barriers. The new PACE label’s characteristics were divided into two subcategories: (a) appearance, and (b) nutritional information, including 14 codes. In the quantitative section, mean calories of the selected foods were lowest in the TLL + brochure group (831.77 kcal; 95% CI: 794.23–869.32), and highest in the PACE label group (971.61; 95% CI: 926.37–1016.84).ConclusionThe new PACE label was a combination of PACE, TLL, and warning labels. It did not significantly affect lower caloric choice, however, the TLL + brochure option was effective in choosing foods with fewer calories.Clinical trial registration: The study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials 23 (IRCT20181002041201N1). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:28:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1baf01d374b6460f991eefee4da3c06f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:28:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-1baf01d374b6460f991eefee4da3c06f2023-11-15T05:26:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652023-11-011110.3389/fpubh.2023.12805321280532Designing a new physical activity calorie equivalent food label and comparing its effect on caloric choices to that of the traffic light label among mothers: a mixed-method studyShirin Seyedhamzeh0Shirin Seyedhamzeh1Saharnaz Nedjat2Elham Shakibazadeh3Azam Doustmohammadian4Hedayat Hosseini5Asma Kazemi6Nafiseh Azizolahi7Maryam Chamary8Cain C. T. Clark9Ahmadreza Dorosty Motlagh10Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranStudents’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranGastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Food Sciences and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranNutrition Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranCentre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, United KingdomDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranObjectiveWe designed a new type of ‘physical activity calorie equivalent’ (PACE) food label in Iran to compare its effect with that of the traffic light food label (TLL) on caloric choices.DesignMixed-method study.ParticipantsMothers of school children between the ages of 6–12 years.SettingIn the qualitative phase, 10 focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with various groups of mothers, and two FGDs were conducted with food science and nutrition experts to design a new PACE label. In the quantitative phase, 496 mothers were randomly assigned to five groups: (1) no nutrition label, (2) current TLL, (3) current TLL + educational brochure, (4) PACE label, and (5) PACE label + brochure. Samples of dairy products, beverages, cakes, and biscuits were presented. ANOVA and multiple linear regressions were applied to examine the association between label types and calories of the selected products as our main outcome.ResultsThe mothers’ perspectives were classified into two sub-themes, the PACE label’s facilitators and barriers. The new PACE label’s characteristics were divided into two subcategories: (a) appearance, and (b) nutritional information, including 14 codes. In the quantitative section, mean calories of the selected foods were lowest in the TLL + brochure group (831.77 kcal; 95% CI: 794.23–869.32), and highest in the PACE label group (971.61; 95% CI: 926.37–1016.84).ConclusionThe new PACE label was a combination of PACE, TLL, and warning labels. It did not significantly affect lower caloric choice, however, the TLL + brochure option was effective in choosing foods with fewer calories.Clinical trial registration: The study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials 23 (IRCT20181002041201N1).https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1280532/fullnutrition labelphysical activityTLLobesityPACE |
| spellingShingle | Shirin Seyedhamzeh Shirin Seyedhamzeh Saharnaz Nedjat Elham Shakibazadeh Azam Doustmohammadian Hedayat Hosseini Asma Kazemi Nafiseh Azizolahi Maryam Chamary Cain C. T. Clark Ahmadreza Dorosty Motlagh Designing a new physical activity calorie equivalent food label and comparing its effect on caloric choices to that of the traffic light label among mothers: a mixed-method study Frontiers in Public Health nutrition label physical activity TLL obesity PACE |
| title | Designing a new physical activity calorie equivalent food label and comparing its effect on caloric choices to that of the traffic light label among mothers: a mixed-method study |
| title_full | Designing a new physical activity calorie equivalent food label and comparing its effect on caloric choices to that of the traffic light label among mothers: a mixed-method study |
| title_fullStr | Designing a new physical activity calorie equivalent food label and comparing its effect on caloric choices to that of the traffic light label among mothers: a mixed-method study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Designing a new physical activity calorie equivalent food label and comparing its effect on caloric choices to that of the traffic light label among mothers: a mixed-method study |
| title_short | Designing a new physical activity calorie equivalent food label and comparing its effect on caloric choices to that of the traffic light label among mothers: a mixed-method study |
| title_sort | designing a new physical activity calorie equivalent food label and comparing its effect on caloric choices to that of the traffic light label among mothers a mixed method study |
| topic | nutrition label physical activity TLL obesity PACE |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1280532/full |
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