Effects of Cobra Cardiotoxins on Intracellular Calcium and the Contracture of Rat Cardiomyocytes Depend on Their Structural Types
Cardiotoxins (CaTx) of the three-finger toxin family are one of the main components of cobra venoms. Depending on the structure of the N-terminal or the central polypeptide loop, they are classified into either group I and II or P- and S-types, respectively, and toxins of different groups or types i...
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2023-05-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/11/9259 |
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| author | Alexey S. Averin Alexey V. Berezhnov Oleg Y. Pimenov Miliausha H. Galimova Vladislav G. Starkov Victor I. Tsetlin Yuri N. Utkin |
| author_facet | Alexey S. Averin Alexey V. Berezhnov Oleg Y. Pimenov Miliausha H. Galimova Vladislav G. Starkov Victor I. Tsetlin Yuri N. Utkin |
| author_sort | Alexey S. Averin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cardiotoxins (CaTx) of the three-finger toxin family are one of the main components of cobra venoms. Depending on the structure of the N-terminal or the central polypeptide loop, they are classified into either group I and II or P- and S-types, respectively, and toxins of different groups or types interact with lipid membranes variably. While their main target in the organism is the cardiovascular system, there is no data on the effects of CaTxs from different groups or types on cardiomyocytes. To evaluate these effects, a fluorescence measurement of intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration and an assessment of the rat cardiomyocytes’ shape were used. The obtained results showed that CaTxs of group I containing two adjacent proline residues in the N-terminal loop were less toxic to cardiomyocytes than group II toxins and that CaTxs of S-type were less active than P-type ones. The highest activity was observed for <i>Naja oxiana</i> cobra cardiotoxin 2, which is of P-type and belongs to group II. For the first time, the effects of CaTxs of different groups and types on the cardiomyocytes were studied, and the data obtained showed that the CaTx toxicity to cardiomyocytes depends on the structures both of the N-terminal and central polypeptide loops. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:06:18Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:06:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-1bb8184b5ff5484d9fa8c41fb7c689762023-11-18T07:56:31ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-05-012411925910.3390/ijms24119259Effects of Cobra Cardiotoxins on Intracellular Calcium and the Contracture of Rat Cardiomyocytes Depend on Their Structural TypesAlexey S. Averin0Alexey V. Berezhnov1Oleg Y. Pimenov2Miliausha H. Galimova3Vladislav G. Starkov4Victor I. Tsetlin5Yuri N. Utkin6Institute of Cell Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center of Biological Research”, Pushchino Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, RussiaInstitute of Cell Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center of Biological Research”, Pushchino Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, RussiaInstitute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, RussiaInstitute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, RussiaShemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, RussiaShemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, RussiaShemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, RussiaCardiotoxins (CaTx) of the three-finger toxin family are one of the main components of cobra venoms. Depending on the structure of the N-terminal or the central polypeptide loop, they are classified into either group I and II or P- and S-types, respectively, and toxins of different groups or types interact with lipid membranes variably. While their main target in the organism is the cardiovascular system, there is no data on the effects of CaTxs from different groups or types on cardiomyocytes. To evaluate these effects, a fluorescence measurement of intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration and an assessment of the rat cardiomyocytes’ shape were used. The obtained results showed that CaTxs of group I containing two adjacent proline residues in the N-terminal loop were less toxic to cardiomyocytes than group II toxins and that CaTxs of S-type were less active than P-type ones. The highest activity was observed for <i>Naja oxiana</i> cobra cardiotoxin 2, which is of P-type and belongs to group II. For the first time, the effects of CaTxs of different groups and types on the cardiomyocytes were studied, and the data obtained showed that the CaTx toxicity to cardiomyocytes depends on the structures both of the N-terminal and central polypeptide loops.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/11/9259cardiotoxincardiomyocytehypercontracturecalcium concentration |
| spellingShingle | Alexey S. Averin Alexey V. Berezhnov Oleg Y. Pimenov Miliausha H. Galimova Vladislav G. Starkov Victor I. Tsetlin Yuri N. Utkin Effects of Cobra Cardiotoxins on Intracellular Calcium and the Contracture of Rat Cardiomyocytes Depend on Their Structural Types International Journal of Molecular Sciences cardiotoxin cardiomyocyte hypercontracture calcium concentration |
| title | Effects of Cobra Cardiotoxins on Intracellular Calcium and the Contracture of Rat Cardiomyocytes Depend on Their Structural Types |
| title_full | Effects of Cobra Cardiotoxins on Intracellular Calcium and the Contracture of Rat Cardiomyocytes Depend on Their Structural Types |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Cobra Cardiotoxins on Intracellular Calcium and the Contracture of Rat Cardiomyocytes Depend on Their Structural Types |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Cobra Cardiotoxins on Intracellular Calcium and the Contracture of Rat Cardiomyocytes Depend on Their Structural Types |
| title_short | Effects of Cobra Cardiotoxins on Intracellular Calcium and the Contracture of Rat Cardiomyocytes Depend on Their Structural Types |
| title_sort | effects of cobra cardiotoxins on intracellular calcium and the contracture of rat cardiomyocytes depend on their structural types |
| topic | cardiotoxin cardiomyocyte hypercontracture calcium concentration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/11/9259 |
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