Efficiency of Sulfuric Acid on Selective Scandium Leachability from Bauxite Residue
Bauxite residue (BR) is a well promising resource for critical metals, especially scandium (Sc), a rare and expensive metal with increasing applications in advanced technology. Greek BR seems to significantly favor a commercially viable recovery of Sc combining optimized leaching and advanced separa...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2018-11-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/8/11/915 |
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| author | Maria Ochsenkuehn-Petropoulou Lamprini-Areti Tsakanika Theopisti Lymperopoulou Klaus-Michael Ochsenkuehn Konstantinos Hatzilyberis Paraskevas Georgiou Chrysanthos Stergiopoulos Olga Serifi Fotis Tsopelas |
| author_facet | Maria Ochsenkuehn-Petropoulou Lamprini-Areti Tsakanika Theopisti Lymperopoulou Klaus-Michael Ochsenkuehn Konstantinos Hatzilyberis Paraskevas Georgiou Chrysanthos Stergiopoulos Olga Serifi Fotis Tsopelas |
| author_sort | Maria Ochsenkuehn-Petropoulou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bauxite residue (BR) is a well promising resource for critical metals, especially scandium (Sc), a rare and expensive metal with increasing applications in advanced technology. Greek BR seems to significantly favor a commercially viable recovery of Sc combining optimized leaching and advanced separation techniques. Leaching with mineral acids emerges as the dominant selection compared to other techniques. This study investigates an optimized leaching condition set for Sc recovery, using the most advantageous option of sulfuric acid. The main target is to develop a leaching scale-up process to be established in the premises of Mytilineos S.A. (formerly Aluminium of Greece, the largest Greek alumina and aluminum producer), taking into account the feed requirements of a subsequent advanced ion exchanged procedure. Several parameters were studied individually or combined in order to achieve high Sc concentration in the leachate and to ensure selectivity, especially concerning iron. The most significant parameters prove to be the solid-to-liquid ratio (S/L), the final pH value, and the leachate’s recycling. The proposed process, with low molarities of sulfuric acid and ambient conditions, integrates rapidly, leading to high and selective Sc recovery. Finally, a leaching process flow diagram under continuous operation on an industrial scale is developed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T21:41:42Z |
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| id | doaj.art-1bba2b8dcafb480da39a59ad74f6d0cc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T21:41:42Z |
| publishDate | 2018-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-1bba2b8dcafb480da39a59ad74f6d0cc2022-12-21T18:11:35ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012018-11-0181191510.3390/met8110915met8110915Efficiency of Sulfuric Acid on Selective Scandium Leachability from Bauxite ResidueMaria Ochsenkuehn-Petropoulou0Lamprini-Areti Tsakanika1Theopisti Lymperopoulou2Klaus-Michael Ochsenkuehn3Konstantinos Hatzilyberis4Paraskevas Georgiou5Chrysanthos Stergiopoulos6Olga Serifi7Fotis Tsopelas8School of Chemical Engineering (Chem. Eng.), National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 9 Iroon Polytechniou St., 15780 Athens, GreeceSchool of Chemical Engineering (Chem. Eng.), National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 9 Iroon Polytechniou St., 15780 Athens, GreeceSchool of Chemical Engineering (Chem. Eng.), National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 9 Iroon Polytechniou St., 15780 Athens, GreeceSchool of Chemical Engineering (Chem. Eng.), National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 9 Iroon Polytechniou St., 15780 Athens, GreeceSchool of Chemical Engineering (Chem. Eng.), National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 9 Iroon Polytechniou St., 15780 Athens, GreeceSchool of Chemical Engineering (Chem. Eng.), National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 9 Iroon Polytechniou St., 15780 Athens, GreeceSchool of Chemical Engineering (Chem. Eng.), National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 9 Iroon Polytechniou St., 15780 Athens, GreeceSchool of Chemical Engineering (Chem. Eng.), National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 9 Iroon Polytechniou St., 15780 Athens, GreeceSchool of Chemical Engineering (Chem. Eng.), National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 9 Iroon Polytechniou St., 15780 Athens, GreeceBauxite residue (BR) is a well promising resource for critical metals, especially scandium (Sc), a rare and expensive metal with increasing applications in advanced technology. Greek BR seems to significantly favor a commercially viable recovery of Sc combining optimized leaching and advanced separation techniques. Leaching with mineral acids emerges as the dominant selection compared to other techniques. This study investigates an optimized leaching condition set for Sc recovery, using the most advantageous option of sulfuric acid. The main target is to develop a leaching scale-up process to be established in the premises of Mytilineos S.A. (formerly Aluminium of Greece, the largest Greek alumina and aluminum producer), taking into account the feed requirements of a subsequent advanced ion exchanged procedure. Several parameters were studied individually or combined in order to achieve high Sc concentration in the leachate and to ensure selectivity, especially concerning iron. The most significant parameters prove to be the solid-to-liquid ratio (S/L), the final pH value, and the leachate’s recycling. The proposed process, with low molarities of sulfuric acid and ambient conditions, integrates rapidly, leading to high and selective Sc recovery. Finally, a leaching process flow diagram under continuous operation on an industrial scale is developed.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/8/11/915bauxite residuescandiumleachingsulfuric acid |
| spellingShingle | Maria Ochsenkuehn-Petropoulou Lamprini-Areti Tsakanika Theopisti Lymperopoulou Klaus-Michael Ochsenkuehn Konstantinos Hatzilyberis Paraskevas Georgiou Chrysanthos Stergiopoulos Olga Serifi Fotis Tsopelas Efficiency of Sulfuric Acid on Selective Scandium Leachability from Bauxite Residue Metals bauxite residue scandium leaching sulfuric acid |
| title | Efficiency of Sulfuric Acid on Selective Scandium Leachability from Bauxite Residue |
| title_full | Efficiency of Sulfuric Acid on Selective Scandium Leachability from Bauxite Residue |
| title_fullStr | Efficiency of Sulfuric Acid on Selective Scandium Leachability from Bauxite Residue |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficiency of Sulfuric Acid on Selective Scandium Leachability from Bauxite Residue |
| title_short | Efficiency of Sulfuric Acid on Selective Scandium Leachability from Bauxite Residue |
| title_sort | efficiency of sulfuric acid on selective scandium leachability from bauxite residue |
| topic | bauxite residue scandium leaching sulfuric acid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/8/11/915 |
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