Green Natural Rubber Composites Reinforced with Black/White Rice Husk Ashes: Effects of Reinforcing Agent on Film’s Mechanical and Dielectric Properties
Green natural rubber (NR) composites reinforced with black rice husk ash (BRHA)/white rice husk ash (WRHA), using alginate as a thickening and dispersing agent and crosslinking by CaCl<sub>2</sub>, was developed to improve mechanical, chemical and dielectric properties of NR-based films...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/6/882 |
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| author | Praewpakun Sintharm Muenduen Phisalaphong |
| author_facet | Praewpakun Sintharm Muenduen Phisalaphong |
| author_sort | Praewpakun Sintharm |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Green natural rubber (NR) composites reinforced with black rice husk ash (BRHA)/white rice husk ash (WRHA), using alginate as a thickening and dispersing agent and crosslinking by CaCl<sub>2</sub>, was developed to improve mechanical, chemical and dielectric properties of NR-based films by using a latex aqueous microdispersion process. A maximum of 100 per hundred rubbers (phr) of rice husk ashes (RHAs) could be integrated in NR matrix without phase separation. Mechanical properties of the composite films were considerably enhanced, compared to the neat NR film. The composite films reinforced with WRHA demonstrated relatively better mechanical properties than those reinforced with BRHA, whereas the composites filled with BRHA demonstrated higher elongation at break. The crosslinking by CaCl<sub>2</sub> improved the film tensile strength but lowered the film elasticity. The reinforcement strongly improved chemical resistance of the composite films in toluene. The films are biodegradable in soil, with weight loss of 7.6–18.3% of the initial dry weight after 3 months. Dielectric constant and dielectric loss factors of the composite films were enhanced with RHAs loading. According to the obtained properties, the composites offer potential for further development as stretchable conductive substrate or semiconducting polymer films for electronic applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:16:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1bbbfb1f9dea4cc49afd4ed7bc34f61d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:16:09Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-1bbbfb1f9dea4cc49afd4ed7bc34f61d2023-11-21T10:20:48ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-03-0113688210.3390/polym13060882Green Natural Rubber Composites Reinforced with Black/White Rice Husk Ashes: Effects of Reinforcing Agent on Film’s Mechanical and Dielectric PropertiesPraewpakun Sintharm0Muenduen Phisalaphong1Bio-Circular-Green-Economy Technology & Engineering Center, BCGeTEC, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandBio-Circular-Green-Economy Technology & Engineering Center, BCGeTEC, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandGreen natural rubber (NR) composites reinforced with black rice husk ash (BRHA)/white rice husk ash (WRHA), using alginate as a thickening and dispersing agent and crosslinking by CaCl<sub>2</sub>, was developed to improve mechanical, chemical and dielectric properties of NR-based films by using a latex aqueous microdispersion process. A maximum of 100 per hundred rubbers (phr) of rice husk ashes (RHAs) could be integrated in NR matrix without phase separation. Mechanical properties of the composite films were considerably enhanced, compared to the neat NR film. The composite films reinforced with WRHA demonstrated relatively better mechanical properties than those reinforced with BRHA, whereas the composites filled with BRHA demonstrated higher elongation at break. The crosslinking by CaCl<sub>2</sub> improved the film tensile strength but lowered the film elasticity. The reinforcement strongly improved chemical resistance of the composite films in toluene. The films are biodegradable in soil, with weight loss of 7.6–18.3% of the initial dry weight after 3 months. Dielectric constant and dielectric loss factors of the composite films were enhanced with RHAs loading. According to the obtained properties, the composites offer potential for further development as stretchable conductive substrate or semiconducting polymer films for electronic applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/6/882natural rubberrice husk ashalginatemechanical propertiesdielectric properties |
| spellingShingle | Praewpakun Sintharm Muenduen Phisalaphong Green Natural Rubber Composites Reinforced with Black/White Rice Husk Ashes: Effects of Reinforcing Agent on Film’s Mechanical and Dielectric Properties Polymers natural rubber rice husk ash alginate mechanical properties dielectric properties |
| title | Green Natural Rubber Composites Reinforced with Black/White Rice Husk Ashes: Effects of Reinforcing Agent on Film’s Mechanical and Dielectric Properties |
| title_full | Green Natural Rubber Composites Reinforced with Black/White Rice Husk Ashes: Effects of Reinforcing Agent on Film’s Mechanical and Dielectric Properties |
| title_fullStr | Green Natural Rubber Composites Reinforced with Black/White Rice Husk Ashes: Effects of Reinforcing Agent on Film’s Mechanical and Dielectric Properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Green Natural Rubber Composites Reinforced with Black/White Rice Husk Ashes: Effects of Reinforcing Agent on Film’s Mechanical and Dielectric Properties |
| title_short | Green Natural Rubber Composites Reinforced with Black/White Rice Husk Ashes: Effects of Reinforcing Agent on Film’s Mechanical and Dielectric Properties |
| title_sort | green natural rubber composites reinforced with black white rice husk ashes effects of reinforcing agent on film s mechanical and dielectric properties |
| topic | natural rubber rice husk ash alginate mechanical properties dielectric properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/6/882 |
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