Development of a Redox-Polymer-Based Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor Suitable for Integration in Microfluidic 3D Cell Culture Systems
The inclusion of online, in situ biosensors in microfluidic cell cultures is important to monitor and characterize a physiologically mimicking environment. This work presents the performance of second-generation electrochemical enzymatic biosensors to detect glucose in cell culture media. Glutaralde...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Biosensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/13/6/582 |
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| author | L. Navarro-Nateras Jancarlo Diaz-Gonzalez Diana Aguas-Chantes Lucy L. Coria-Oriundo Fernando Battaglini José Luis Ventura-Gallegos Alejandro Zentella-Dehesa Goldie Oza L. G. Arriaga Jannu R. Casanova-Moreno |
| author_facet | L. Navarro-Nateras Jancarlo Diaz-Gonzalez Diana Aguas-Chantes Lucy L. Coria-Oriundo Fernando Battaglini José Luis Ventura-Gallegos Alejandro Zentella-Dehesa Goldie Oza L. G. Arriaga Jannu R. Casanova-Moreno |
| author_sort | L. Navarro-Nateras |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The inclusion of online, in situ biosensors in microfluidic cell cultures is important to monitor and characterize a physiologically mimicking environment. This work presents the performance of second-generation electrochemical enzymatic biosensors to detect glucose in cell culture media. Glutaraldehyde and ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDGE) were tested as cross-linkers to immobilize glucose oxidase and an osmium-modified redox polymer on the surface of carbon electrodes. Tests employing screen printed electrodes showed adequate performance in a Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI-1640) media spiked with fetal bovine serum (FBS). Comparable first-generation sensors were shown to be heavily affected by complex biological media. This difference is explained in terms of the respective charge transfer mechanisms. Under the tested conditions, electron hopping between Os redox centers was less vulnerable than H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> diffusion to biofouling by the substances present in the cell culture matrix. By employing pencil leads as electrodes, the incorporation of these electrodes in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channel was achieved simply and at a low cost. Under flow conditions, electrodes fabricated using EGDGE presented the best performance with a limit of detection of 0.5 mM, a linear range up to 10 mM, and a sensitivity of 4.69 μA mM<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:41:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1bbdd353d3b84da793be1ba65ad7179f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:41:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-1bbdd353d3b84da793be1ba65ad7179f2023-11-18T09:32:18ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742023-05-0113658210.3390/bios13060582Development of a Redox-Polymer-Based Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor Suitable for Integration in Microfluidic 3D Cell Culture SystemsL. Navarro-Nateras0Jancarlo Diaz-Gonzalez1Diana Aguas-Chantes2Lucy L. Coria-Oriundo3Fernando Battaglini4José Luis Ventura-Gallegos5Alejandro Zentella-Dehesa6Goldie Oza7L. G. Arriaga8Jannu R. Casanova-Moreno9Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Pedro Escobedo 76703, Querétaro, MexicoCentro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Pedro Escobedo 76703, Querétaro, MexicoCentro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Pedro Escobedo 76703, Querétaro, MexicoInstituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía, CONICET—Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, ArgentinaInstituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía, CONICET—Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, ArgentinaDepartamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, MexicoDepartamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, MexicoCentro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Pedro Escobedo 76703, Querétaro, MexicoCentro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Pedro Escobedo 76703, Querétaro, MexicoCentro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Pedro Escobedo 76703, Querétaro, MexicoThe inclusion of online, in situ biosensors in microfluidic cell cultures is important to monitor and characterize a physiologically mimicking environment. This work presents the performance of second-generation electrochemical enzymatic biosensors to detect glucose in cell culture media. Glutaraldehyde and ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDGE) were tested as cross-linkers to immobilize glucose oxidase and an osmium-modified redox polymer on the surface of carbon electrodes. Tests employing screen printed electrodes showed adequate performance in a Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI-1640) media spiked with fetal bovine serum (FBS). Comparable first-generation sensors were shown to be heavily affected by complex biological media. This difference is explained in terms of the respective charge transfer mechanisms. Under the tested conditions, electron hopping between Os redox centers was less vulnerable than H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> diffusion to biofouling by the substances present in the cell culture matrix. By employing pencil leads as electrodes, the incorporation of these electrodes in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channel was achieved simply and at a low cost. Under flow conditions, electrodes fabricated using EGDGE presented the best performance with a limit of detection of 0.5 mM, a linear range up to 10 mM, and a sensitivity of 4.69 μA mM<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup>.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/13/6/582glucose electrochemical biosensorglucose oxidasecross-linking3D cell cultureon-chip evaluationglutaraldehyde |
| spellingShingle | L. Navarro-Nateras Jancarlo Diaz-Gonzalez Diana Aguas-Chantes Lucy L. Coria-Oriundo Fernando Battaglini José Luis Ventura-Gallegos Alejandro Zentella-Dehesa Goldie Oza L. G. Arriaga Jannu R. Casanova-Moreno Development of a Redox-Polymer-Based Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor Suitable for Integration in Microfluidic 3D Cell Culture Systems Biosensors glucose electrochemical biosensor glucose oxidase cross-linking 3D cell culture on-chip evaluation glutaraldehyde |
| title | Development of a Redox-Polymer-Based Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor Suitable for Integration in Microfluidic 3D Cell Culture Systems |
| title_full | Development of a Redox-Polymer-Based Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor Suitable for Integration in Microfluidic 3D Cell Culture Systems |
| title_fullStr | Development of a Redox-Polymer-Based Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor Suitable for Integration in Microfluidic 3D Cell Culture Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of a Redox-Polymer-Based Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor Suitable for Integration in Microfluidic 3D Cell Culture Systems |
| title_short | Development of a Redox-Polymer-Based Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor Suitable for Integration in Microfluidic 3D Cell Culture Systems |
| title_sort | development of a redox polymer based electrochemical glucose biosensor suitable for integration in microfluidic 3d cell culture systems |
| topic | glucose electrochemical biosensor glucose oxidase cross-linking 3D cell culture on-chip evaluation glutaraldehyde |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/13/6/582 |
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