Improving Fuel Properties and Hydrocarbon Content from Residual Fat Pyrolysis Vapors over Activated Red Mud Pellets in Two-Stage Reactor: Optimization of Reaction Time and Catalyst Content
Catalytic upgrading of vapors from pyrolysis of triglycerides materials is a promising approach to achieve better conversions of hydrocarbons and production of liquid biofuels. Catalytic cracking often shows incomplete conversion due to distillation of initial reaction products and the addition of a...
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/15/5595 |
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| author | Caio Campos Ferreira Lucas Pinto Bernar Augusto Fernando de Freitas Costa Haroldo Jorge da Silva Ribeiro Marcelo Costa Santos Nathalia Lobato Moraes Yasmin Santos Costa Ana Cláudia Fonseca Baia Neyson Martins Mendonça Sílvio Alex Pereira da Mota Fernanda Paula da Costa Assunção Douglas Alberto Rocha de Castro Carlos Castro Vieira Quaresma Sergio Duvoisin Luiz Eduardo Pizarro Borges Nélio Teixeira Machado |
| author_facet | Caio Campos Ferreira Lucas Pinto Bernar Augusto Fernando de Freitas Costa Haroldo Jorge da Silva Ribeiro Marcelo Costa Santos Nathalia Lobato Moraes Yasmin Santos Costa Ana Cláudia Fonseca Baia Neyson Martins Mendonça Sílvio Alex Pereira da Mota Fernanda Paula da Costa Assunção Douglas Alberto Rocha de Castro Carlos Castro Vieira Quaresma Sergio Duvoisin Luiz Eduardo Pizarro Borges Nélio Teixeira Machado |
| author_sort | Caio Campos Ferreira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Catalytic upgrading of vapors from pyrolysis of triglycerides materials is a promising approach to achieve better conversions of hydrocarbons and production of liquid biofuels. Catalytic cracking often shows incomplete conversion due to distillation of initial reaction products and the addition of a second catalytic reactor, whereas pyrolytic vapors are made in contact to a solid catalyst was applied to improve the physical-chemical properties and quality of bio-oil. This work investigated the effect of catalyst content and reaction time by catalytic upgrading from pyrolysis vapors of residual fat at 450 °C and 1.0 atmosphere, on the yields of reaction products, physicochemical properties (density, kinematic viscosity, refractive index, and acid value), and chemical composition of organic liquid products (OLP), over a catalyst fixed bed reactor, in semi pilot scale. Pellets of red mud chemically activated with 1.0 M HCl were used as catalysts. The thermal catalytic cracking of residual fat show OLP yields from 54.4 to 84.88 (wt.%), aqueous phase yields between 2.21 and 2.80 (wt.%), solid phase yields (coke) between 1.30 and 8.60 (wt.%), and gas yields from 11.61 to 34.22 (wt.%). The yields of OLP increases with catalyst content while those of aqueous, gaseous and solid phase decreases. For all experiments, the density, kinematic viscosity, and acid value of OLP decreases with reaction time. The GC-MS of liquid reaction products identified the presence of hydrocarbons and oxygenates. In addition, the hydrocarbon content in OLP increases with reaction time, while those of oxygenates decrease, reaching concentrations of hydrocarbons up to 95.35% (area.). The best results for the physicochemical properties and the maximum hydrocarbon content in OLP were obtained at 450 °C and 1.0 atmosphere, using a catalyst fixed bed reactor, with 5.0% (wt.) red mud pellets activated with 1.0 M HCl as catalyst. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:39:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1bc736c102eb49f98e1d214558f6bea5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:39:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-1bc736c102eb49f98e1d214558f6bea52023-11-30T22:20:09ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-08-011515559510.3390/en15155595Improving Fuel Properties and Hydrocarbon Content from Residual Fat Pyrolysis Vapors over Activated Red Mud Pellets in Two-Stage Reactor: Optimization of Reaction Time and Catalyst ContentCaio Campos Ferreira0Lucas Pinto Bernar1Augusto Fernando de Freitas Costa2Haroldo Jorge da Silva Ribeiro3Marcelo Costa Santos4Nathalia Lobato Moraes5Yasmin Santos Costa6Ana Cláudia Fonseca Baia7Neyson Martins Mendonça8Sílvio Alex Pereira da Mota9Fernanda Paula da Costa Assunção10Douglas Alberto Rocha de Castro11Carlos Castro Vieira Quaresma12Sergio Duvoisin13Luiz Eduardo Pizarro Borges14Nélio Teixeira Machado15Graduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, BrazilGraduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, BrazilGraduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, BrazilGraduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, BrazilGraduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, BrazilFaculty of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, BrazilFaculty of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, BrazilFaculty of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, BrazilFaculty of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, BrazilGraduate Program of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Folha 31, Quadra 7, Lote Especial-Nova Marabá, CEP, Marabá 68507-590, BrazilGraduate Program of Civil Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, BrazilCentro Universitário Luterano de Manaus–CEULM/ULBRA, Avenida Carlos Drummond de Andrade N°. 1460, Manaus 69077-730, BrazilCentro Universitário Luterano de Manaus–CEULM/ULBRA, Avenida Carlos Drummond de Andrade N°. 1460, Manaus 69077-730, BrazilFaculty of Chemical Engineering, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas-UEA, Avenida Darcy Vargas N°. 1200, Manaus 69050-020, BrazilLaboratory of Catalyst Preparation and Catalytic Cracking, Section of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Militar de Engenharia-IME, Praça General Tibúrcio N°. 80, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, BrazilGraduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, BrazilCatalytic upgrading of vapors from pyrolysis of triglycerides materials is a promising approach to achieve better conversions of hydrocarbons and production of liquid biofuels. Catalytic cracking often shows incomplete conversion due to distillation of initial reaction products and the addition of a second catalytic reactor, whereas pyrolytic vapors are made in contact to a solid catalyst was applied to improve the physical-chemical properties and quality of bio-oil. This work investigated the effect of catalyst content and reaction time by catalytic upgrading from pyrolysis vapors of residual fat at 450 °C and 1.0 atmosphere, on the yields of reaction products, physicochemical properties (density, kinematic viscosity, refractive index, and acid value), and chemical composition of organic liquid products (OLP), over a catalyst fixed bed reactor, in semi pilot scale. Pellets of red mud chemically activated with 1.0 M HCl were used as catalysts. The thermal catalytic cracking of residual fat show OLP yields from 54.4 to 84.88 (wt.%), aqueous phase yields between 2.21 and 2.80 (wt.%), solid phase yields (coke) between 1.30 and 8.60 (wt.%), and gas yields from 11.61 to 34.22 (wt.%). The yields of OLP increases with catalyst content while those of aqueous, gaseous and solid phase decreases. For all experiments, the density, kinematic viscosity, and acid value of OLP decreases with reaction time. The GC-MS of liquid reaction products identified the presence of hydrocarbons and oxygenates. In addition, the hydrocarbon content in OLP increases with reaction time, while those of oxygenates decrease, reaching concentrations of hydrocarbons up to 95.35% (area.). The best results for the physicochemical properties and the maximum hydrocarbon content in OLP were obtained at 450 °C and 1.0 atmosphere, using a catalyst fixed bed reactor, with 5.0% (wt.) red mud pellets activated with 1.0 M HCl as catalyst.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/15/5595residual fatred mudchemical activationthermal catalytic crackingfixed bed reactorliquid hydrocarbons |
| spellingShingle | Caio Campos Ferreira Lucas Pinto Bernar Augusto Fernando de Freitas Costa Haroldo Jorge da Silva Ribeiro Marcelo Costa Santos Nathalia Lobato Moraes Yasmin Santos Costa Ana Cláudia Fonseca Baia Neyson Martins Mendonça Sílvio Alex Pereira da Mota Fernanda Paula da Costa Assunção Douglas Alberto Rocha de Castro Carlos Castro Vieira Quaresma Sergio Duvoisin Luiz Eduardo Pizarro Borges Nélio Teixeira Machado Improving Fuel Properties and Hydrocarbon Content from Residual Fat Pyrolysis Vapors over Activated Red Mud Pellets in Two-Stage Reactor: Optimization of Reaction Time and Catalyst Content Energies residual fat red mud chemical activation thermal catalytic cracking fixed bed reactor liquid hydrocarbons |
| title | Improving Fuel Properties and Hydrocarbon Content from Residual Fat Pyrolysis Vapors over Activated Red Mud Pellets in Two-Stage Reactor: Optimization of Reaction Time and Catalyst Content |
| title_full | Improving Fuel Properties and Hydrocarbon Content from Residual Fat Pyrolysis Vapors over Activated Red Mud Pellets in Two-Stage Reactor: Optimization of Reaction Time and Catalyst Content |
| title_fullStr | Improving Fuel Properties and Hydrocarbon Content from Residual Fat Pyrolysis Vapors over Activated Red Mud Pellets in Two-Stage Reactor: Optimization of Reaction Time and Catalyst Content |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improving Fuel Properties and Hydrocarbon Content from Residual Fat Pyrolysis Vapors over Activated Red Mud Pellets in Two-Stage Reactor: Optimization of Reaction Time and Catalyst Content |
| title_short | Improving Fuel Properties and Hydrocarbon Content from Residual Fat Pyrolysis Vapors over Activated Red Mud Pellets in Two-Stage Reactor: Optimization of Reaction Time and Catalyst Content |
| title_sort | improving fuel properties and hydrocarbon content from residual fat pyrolysis vapors over activated red mud pellets in two stage reactor optimization of reaction time and catalyst content |
| topic | residual fat red mud chemical activation thermal catalytic cracking fixed bed reactor liquid hydrocarbons |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/15/5595 |
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