Statistical Analysis of Synthesis Parameters to Fabricate PVDF/PVP/TiO<sub>2</sub> Membranes via Phase-Inversion with Enhanced Filtration Performance and Photocatalytic Properties
Non-solvent induced phase-inversion is one of the most used methods to fabricate membranes. However, there are only a few studies supported by statistical analysis on how the different fabrication conditions affect the formation and performance of membranes. In this paper, a central composite design...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| author | Erika Nascimben Santos Ákos Fazekas Cecilia Hodúr Zsuzsanna László Sándor Beszédes Daniele Scheres Firak Tamás Gyulavári Klára Hernádi Gangasalam Arthanareeswaran Gábor Veréb |
| author_facet | Erika Nascimben Santos Ákos Fazekas Cecilia Hodúr Zsuzsanna László Sándor Beszédes Daniele Scheres Firak Tamás Gyulavári Klára Hernádi Gangasalam Arthanareeswaran Gábor Veréb |
| author_sort | Erika Nascimben Santos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Non-solvent induced phase-inversion is one of the most used methods to fabricate membranes. However, there are only a few studies supported by statistical analysis on how the different fabrication conditions affect the formation and performance of membranes. In this paper, a central composite design was employed to analyze how different fabrication conditions affect the pure water flux, pore size, and photocatalytic activity of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used to form pores, and titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) to ensure the photocatalytic activity of the membranes. The studied bath temperatures (15 to 25 °C) and evaporation times (0 to 60 s) did not significantly affect the pore size and pure water flux of the membranes. The concentration of PVDF (12.5 to 17.5%) affected the viscosity, formation capability, and pore sizes. PVDF at high concentrations resulted in membranes with small pore sizes. PVP affected the pore size and should be used to a limited extent to avoid possible hole formation. TiO<sub>2</sub> contents were responsible for the decolorization of a methyl orange solution (10<sup>−5</sup> M) up to 90% over the period studied (30 h). A higher content of TiO<sub>2</sub> did not increase the decolorization rate. Acidic conditions increased the photocatalytic activity of the TiO<sub>2</sub>-membranes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:24:47Z |
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| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:24:47Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-1bcc6ea272324363baad80d8789ab2292023-11-23T12:10:04ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-12-0114111310.3390/polym14010113Statistical Analysis of Synthesis Parameters to Fabricate PVDF/PVP/TiO<sub>2</sub> Membranes via Phase-Inversion with Enhanced Filtration Performance and Photocatalytic PropertiesErika Nascimben Santos0Ákos Fazekas1Cecilia Hodúr2Zsuzsanna László3Sándor Beszédes4Daniele Scheres Firak5Tamás Gyulavári6Klára Hernádi7Gangasalam Arthanareeswaran8Gábor Veréb9Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Moszkvai Blvd. 9, HU-6725 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Moszkvai Blvd. 9, HU-6725 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Moszkvai Blvd. 9, HU-6725 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Moszkvai Blvd. 9, HU-6725 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Moszkvai Blvd. 9, HU-6725 Szeged, HungaryDoctoral School of Environmental Sciences, University of Szeged, Dugonics Square 13, HU-6720 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla Sq. 1, HU-6720 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla Sq. 1, HU-6720 Szeged, HungaryMembrane Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, Tamilnadu, IndiaDepartment of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Moszkvai Blvd. 9, HU-6725 Szeged, HungaryNon-solvent induced phase-inversion is one of the most used methods to fabricate membranes. However, there are only a few studies supported by statistical analysis on how the different fabrication conditions affect the formation and performance of membranes. In this paper, a central composite design was employed to analyze how different fabrication conditions affect the pure water flux, pore size, and photocatalytic activity of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used to form pores, and titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) to ensure the photocatalytic activity of the membranes. The studied bath temperatures (15 to 25 °C) and evaporation times (0 to 60 s) did not significantly affect the pore size and pure water flux of the membranes. The concentration of PVDF (12.5 to 17.5%) affected the viscosity, formation capability, and pore sizes. PVDF at high concentrations resulted in membranes with small pore sizes. PVP affected the pore size and should be used to a limited extent to avoid possible hole formation. TiO<sub>2</sub> contents were responsible for the decolorization of a methyl orange solution (10<sup>−5</sup> M) up to 90% over the period studied (30 h). A higher content of TiO<sub>2</sub> did not increase the decolorization rate. Acidic conditions increased the photocatalytic activity of the TiO<sub>2</sub>-membranes.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/1/113polyvinylpyrrolidonephotocatalytic membraneTiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticlesstatistical analysiscentral composite design |
| spellingShingle | Erika Nascimben Santos Ákos Fazekas Cecilia Hodúr Zsuzsanna László Sándor Beszédes Daniele Scheres Firak Tamás Gyulavári Klára Hernádi Gangasalam Arthanareeswaran Gábor Veréb Statistical Analysis of Synthesis Parameters to Fabricate PVDF/PVP/TiO<sub>2</sub> Membranes via Phase-Inversion with Enhanced Filtration Performance and Photocatalytic Properties Polymers polyvinylpyrrolidone photocatalytic membrane TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles statistical analysis central composite design |
| title | Statistical Analysis of Synthesis Parameters to Fabricate PVDF/PVP/TiO<sub>2</sub> Membranes via Phase-Inversion with Enhanced Filtration Performance and Photocatalytic Properties |
| title_full | Statistical Analysis of Synthesis Parameters to Fabricate PVDF/PVP/TiO<sub>2</sub> Membranes via Phase-Inversion with Enhanced Filtration Performance and Photocatalytic Properties |
| title_fullStr | Statistical Analysis of Synthesis Parameters to Fabricate PVDF/PVP/TiO<sub>2</sub> Membranes via Phase-Inversion with Enhanced Filtration Performance and Photocatalytic Properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Statistical Analysis of Synthesis Parameters to Fabricate PVDF/PVP/TiO<sub>2</sub> Membranes via Phase-Inversion with Enhanced Filtration Performance and Photocatalytic Properties |
| title_short | Statistical Analysis of Synthesis Parameters to Fabricate PVDF/PVP/TiO<sub>2</sub> Membranes via Phase-Inversion with Enhanced Filtration Performance and Photocatalytic Properties |
| title_sort | statistical analysis of synthesis parameters to fabricate pvdf pvp tio sub 2 sub membranes via phase inversion with enhanced filtration performance and photocatalytic properties |
| topic | polyvinylpyrrolidone photocatalytic membrane TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles statistical analysis central composite design |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/1/113 |
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