DNA watermarks in non-coding regulatory sequences
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>DNA watermarks can be applied to identify the unauthorized use of genetically modified organisms. It has been shown that coding regions can be used to encrypt information into living organisms by using the DNA-Crypt algorithm. Yet, i...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2009-07-01
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| Series: | BMC Research Notes |
| Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1756-0500/2/125 |
| _version_ | 1818143941143298048 |
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| author | Pyka Martin Heider Dominik Barnekow Angelika |
| author_facet | Pyka Martin Heider Dominik Barnekow Angelika |
| author_sort | Pyka Martin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>DNA watermarks can be applied to identify the unauthorized use of genetically modified organisms. It has been shown that coding regions can be used to encrypt information into living organisms by using the DNA-Crypt algorithm. Yet, if the sequence of interest presents a non-coding DNA sequence, either the function of a resulting functional RNA molecule or a regulatory sequence, such as a promoter, could be affected. For our studies we used the small cytoplasmic RNA 1 in yeast and the lac promoter region of <it>Escherichia coli</it>.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>The lac promoter was deactivated by the integrated watermark. In addition, the RNA molecules displayed altered configurations after introducing a watermark, but surprisingly were functionally intact, which has been verified by analyzing the growth characteristics of both wild type and watermarked scR1 transformed yeast cells. In a third approach we introduced a second overlapping watermark into the lac promoter, which did not affect the promoter activity.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Even though the watermarked RNA and one of the watermarked promoters did not show any significant differences compared to the wild type RNA and wild type promoter region, respectively, it cannot be generalized that other RNA molecules or regulatory sequences behave accordingly. Therefore, we do not recommend integrating watermark sequences into regulatory regions.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T11:39:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1bd672b806cb4aab957aa87b679b55a7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-0500 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T11:39:40Z |
| publishDate | 2009-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Research Notes |
| spelling | doaj.art-1bd672b806cb4aab957aa87b679b55a72022-12-22T01:08:39ZengBMCBMC Research Notes1756-05002009-07-012112510.1186/1756-0500-2-125DNA watermarks in non-coding regulatory sequencesPyka MartinHeider DominikBarnekow Angelika<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>DNA watermarks can be applied to identify the unauthorized use of genetically modified organisms. It has been shown that coding regions can be used to encrypt information into living organisms by using the DNA-Crypt algorithm. Yet, if the sequence of interest presents a non-coding DNA sequence, either the function of a resulting functional RNA molecule or a regulatory sequence, such as a promoter, could be affected. For our studies we used the small cytoplasmic RNA 1 in yeast and the lac promoter region of <it>Escherichia coli</it>.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>The lac promoter was deactivated by the integrated watermark. In addition, the RNA molecules displayed altered configurations after introducing a watermark, but surprisingly were functionally intact, which has been verified by analyzing the growth characteristics of both wild type and watermarked scR1 transformed yeast cells. In a third approach we introduced a second overlapping watermark into the lac promoter, which did not affect the promoter activity.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Even though the watermarked RNA and one of the watermarked promoters did not show any significant differences compared to the wild type RNA and wild type promoter region, respectively, it cannot be generalized that other RNA molecules or regulatory sequences behave accordingly. Therefore, we do not recommend integrating watermark sequences into regulatory regions.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1756-0500/2/125 |
| spellingShingle | Pyka Martin Heider Dominik Barnekow Angelika DNA watermarks in non-coding regulatory sequences BMC Research Notes |
| title | DNA watermarks in non-coding regulatory sequences |
| title_full | DNA watermarks in non-coding regulatory sequences |
| title_fullStr | DNA watermarks in non-coding regulatory sequences |
| title_full_unstemmed | DNA watermarks in non-coding regulatory sequences |
| title_short | DNA watermarks in non-coding regulatory sequences |
| title_sort | dna watermarks in non coding regulatory sequences |
| url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1756-0500/2/125 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pykamartin dnawatermarksinnoncodingregulatorysequences AT heiderdominik dnawatermarksinnoncodingregulatorysequences AT barnekowangelika dnawatermarksinnoncodingregulatorysequences |