Consumption of Antibiotics and Epidemiology of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> in the European Union in 2016—Opportunity for Practical Application of Aggregate ECDC Data
Background: The most important pathomechanism of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infections (CDI) is post-antibiotic intestinal dysbiosis. CDI affects both ambulatory and hospital patients. Aim: The objective of the study was to analyze the possibility of utilizing databases from the Eur...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/9/3/127 |
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| author | Estera Jachowicz Anna Różańska Monika Pobiega Mariusz Topolski Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach |
| author_facet | Estera Jachowicz Anna Różańska Monika Pobiega Mariusz Topolski Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach |
| author_sort | Estera Jachowicz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The most important pathomechanism of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infections (CDI) is post-antibiotic intestinal dysbiosis. CDI affects both ambulatory and hospital patients. Aim: The objective of the study was to analyze the possibility of utilizing databases from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control subject to surveillance for the purpose of identifying areas that require intervention with respect to public health. Methods: The analysis encompassed data concerning CDI incidence and antibiotic consumption expressed as defined daily doses (DDD) and quality indicators for antimicrobial-consumption involving both ambulatory and hospital patients in 2016. Results: In 2016, in the European Union countries, total antibiotic consumption in hospital and outpatient treatment amounted to 20.4 DDD (SD 7.89, range 11.04−39.69); in ambulatory treatment using average of ten times more antibiotics than hospitals. In total, 44.9% of antibiotics used in outpatient procedures were broad-spectrum antibiotics. We have found a significant relationship between the quality of antibiotics and their consumption: The more broad-spectrum antibiotics prescribed, the higher the sales of antibiotics both in the community sector and in total. CDI incidence did not statistically significantly correlate with the remaining factors analyzed on a country-wide level. Conclusion: Antibiotic consumption and the CDI incidence may depend on many national variables associated with local systems of healthcare organization and financing. Their interpretation in international comparisons does not give clear-cut answers and requires caution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T13:44:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1be5a5a1205f4205b09b88d3280b255e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T13:44:18Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-1be5a5a1205f4205b09b88d3280b255e2022-12-22T02:44:31ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822020-03-019312710.3390/antibiotics9030127antibiotics9030127Consumption of Antibiotics and Epidemiology of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> in the European Union in 2016—Opportunity for Practical Application of Aggregate ECDC DataEstera Jachowicz0Anna Różańska1Monika Pobiega2Mariusz Topolski3Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach4Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, 31-121 Kraków, PolandDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, 31-121 Kraków, PolandDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, 31-121 Kraków, PolandDepartment of Systems and Computer Networks, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, 31-121 Kraków, PolandBackground: The most important pathomechanism of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infections (CDI) is post-antibiotic intestinal dysbiosis. CDI affects both ambulatory and hospital patients. Aim: The objective of the study was to analyze the possibility of utilizing databases from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control subject to surveillance for the purpose of identifying areas that require intervention with respect to public health. Methods: The analysis encompassed data concerning CDI incidence and antibiotic consumption expressed as defined daily doses (DDD) and quality indicators for antimicrobial-consumption involving both ambulatory and hospital patients in 2016. Results: In 2016, in the European Union countries, total antibiotic consumption in hospital and outpatient treatment amounted to 20.4 DDD (SD 7.89, range 11.04−39.69); in ambulatory treatment using average of ten times more antibiotics than hospitals. In total, 44.9% of antibiotics used in outpatient procedures were broad-spectrum antibiotics. We have found a significant relationship between the quality of antibiotics and their consumption: The more broad-spectrum antibiotics prescribed, the higher the sales of antibiotics both in the community sector and in total. CDI incidence did not statistically significantly correlate with the remaining factors analyzed on a country-wide level. Conclusion: Antibiotic consumption and the CDI incidence may depend on many national variables associated with local systems of healthcare organization and financing. Their interpretation in international comparisons does not give clear-cut answers and requires caution.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/9/3/127<i>clostridioides difficile</i>healthcare-associated infectionsantibiotic consumptionstatistical methods of data classification |
| spellingShingle | Estera Jachowicz Anna Różańska Monika Pobiega Mariusz Topolski Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach Consumption of Antibiotics and Epidemiology of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> in the European Union in 2016—Opportunity for Practical Application of Aggregate ECDC Data Antibiotics <i>clostridioides difficile</i> healthcare-associated infections antibiotic consumption statistical methods of data classification |
| title | Consumption of Antibiotics and Epidemiology of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> in the European Union in 2016—Opportunity for Practical Application of Aggregate ECDC Data |
| title_full | Consumption of Antibiotics and Epidemiology of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> in the European Union in 2016—Opportunity for Practical Application of Aggregate ECDC Data |
| title_fullStr | Consumption of Antibiotics and Epidemiology of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> in the European Union in 2016—Opportunity for Practical Application of Aggregate ECDC Data |
| title_full_unstemmed | Consumption of Antibiotics and Epidemiology of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> in the European Union in 2016—Opportunity for Practical Application of Aggregate ECDC Data |
| title_short | Consumption of Antibiotics and Epidemiology of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> in the European Union in 2016—Opportunity for Practical Application of Aggregate ECDC Data |
| title_sort | consumption of antibiotics and epidemiology of i clostridioides difficile i in the european union in 2016 opportunity for practical application of aggregate ecdc data |
| topic | <i>clostridioides difficile</i> healthcare-associated infections antibiotic consumption statistical methods of data classification |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/9/3/127 |
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