Wall-Modeled Large Eddy Simulation and Detached Eddy Simulation of Wall-Mounted Separated Flow via OpenFOAM
Considering grid requirements of high Reynolds flow, wall-modeled large eddy simulation (WMLES) and detached eddy simulation (DES) have become the main methods to deal with near-wall turbulence. However, the flow separation phenomenon is a challenge. Three typical separated flows, including flow ove...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Aerospace |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/9/12/759 |
| _version_ | 1797461953380089856 |
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| author | Xiang Ren Hua Su Hua-Hua Yu Zheng Yan |
| author_facet | Xiang Ren Hua Su Hua-Hua Yu Zheng Yan |
| author_sort | Xiang Ren |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Considering grid requirements of high Reynolds flow, wall-modeled large eddy simulation (WMLES) and detached eddy simulation (DES) have become the main methods to deal with near-wall turbulence. However, the flow separation phenomenon is a challenge. Three typical separated flows, including flow over a cylinder at <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>R</mi><msub><mi>e</mi><mi>D</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 3900 based on the cylinder diameter, flow over a wall-mounted hump at <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>R</mi><msub><mi>e</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 9.36 × 10<sup>5</sup> based on the hump length, and transonic flow over an axisymmetric bump with shock-induced separation at <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>R</mi><msub><mi>e</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 2.763 × 10<sup>6</sup> based on the bump length, are used to verify WMLES, shear stress transport <i>k</i>-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>ω</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> DES (SST-DES), and Spalart–Allmaras DES (SA-DES) methods in OpenFOAM. The three flows are increasingly challenging, namely laminar boundary layer separation, turbulent boundary layer separation, and turbulent boundary layer separation under shock interference. The results show that WMLES, SST-DES, and SA-DES methods in OpenFOAM can easily predict the separation position and wake characteristics in the flow around the cylinder, but they rely on the grid scale and turbulent inflow to accurately simulate the latter two flows. The grid requirements of Larsson et al. (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mfenced separators="" open="(" close=")"><mi>δ</mi><mo>/</mo><mo>Δ</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>δ</mi><mo>/</mo><mo>Δ</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>δ</mi><mo>/</mo><mo>Δ</mo><mi>z</mi></mfenced><mo>≈</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>12</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>50</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>20</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) are the basis for simulating turbulent boundary layers upstream of flow separation. A finer mesh (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mfenced separators="" open="(" close=")"><mi>δ</mi><mo>/</mo><mo>Δ</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>δ</mi><mo>/</mo><mo>Δ</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>δ</mi><mo>/</mo><mo>Δ</mo><mi>z</mi></mfenced><mo>≈</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>40</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>75</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>40</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) is required to accurately predict the separation and reattachment. The WMLES method is more sensitive to grid scales than the SA-DES method and fails to obtain flow separation under a coarser grid, while SST-DES method can only describe the vortices generated by the separating shear layer, but not within the turbulent boundary layer, and overestimates the separation-reattachment zone based on the grid system in this paper. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-1be7dd8fb814480cb0d222782f34e7cb2023-11-24T12:37:32ZengMDPI AGAerospace2226-43102022-11-0191275910.3390/aerospace9120759Wall-Modeled Large Eddy Simulation and Detached Eddy Simulation of Wall-Mounted Separated Flow via OpenFOAMXiang Ren0Hua Su1Hua-Hua Yu2Zheng Yan3Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, ChinaInstitute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, ChinaInstitute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, ChinaInstitute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, ChinaConsidering grid requirements of high Reynolds flow, wall-modeled large eddy simulation (WMLES) and detached eddy simulation (DES) have become the main methods to deal with near-wall turbulence. However, the flow separation phenomenon is a challenge. Three typical separated flows, including flow over a cylinder at <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>R</mi><msub><mi>e</mi><mi>D</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 3900 based on the cylinder diameter, flow over a wall-mounted hump at <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>R</mi><msub><mi>e</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 9.36 × 10<sup>5</sup> based on the hump length, and transonic flow over an axisymmetric bump with shock-induced separation at <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>R</mi><msub><mi>e</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 2.763 × 10<sup>6</sup> based on the bump length, are used to verify WMLES, shear stress transport <i>k</i>-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>ω</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> DES (SST-DES), and Spalart–Allmaras DES (SA-DES) methods in OpenFOAM. The three flows are increasingly challenging, namely laminar boundary layer separation, turbulent boundary layer separation, and turbulent boundary layer separation under shock interference. The results show that WMLES, SST-DES, and SA-DES methods in OpenFOAM can easily predict the separation position and wake characteristics in the flow around the cylinder, but they rely on the grid scale and turbulent inflow to accurately simulate the latter two flows. The grid requirements of Larsson et al. (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mfenced separators="" open="(" close=")"><mi>δ</mi><mo>/</mo><mo>Δ</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>δ</mi><mo>/</mo><mo>Δ</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>δ</mi><mo>/</mo><mo>Δ</mo><mi>z</mi></mfenced><mo>≈</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>12</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>50</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>20</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) are the basis for simulating turbulent boundary layers upstream of flow separation. A finer mesh (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mfenced separators="" open="(" close=")"><mi>δ</mi><mo>/</mo><mo>Δ</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>δ</mi><mo>/</mo><mo>Δ</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>δ</mi><mo>/</mo><mo>Δ</mo><mi>z</mi></mfenced><mo>≈</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>40</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>75</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>40</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) is required to accurately predict the separation and reattachment. The WMLES method is more sensitive to grid scales than the SA-DES method and fails to obtain flow separation under a coarser grid, while SST-DES method can only describe the vortices generated by the separating shear layer, but not within the turbulent boundary layer, and overestimates the separation-reattachment zone based on the grid system in this paper.https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/9/12/759WMLESDESturbulent flowseparated flowOpenFOAM |
| spellingShingle | Xiang Ren Hua Su Hua-Hua Yu Zheng Yan Wall-Modeled Large Eddy Simulation and Detached Eddy Simulation of Wall-Mounted Separated Flow via OpenFOAM Aerospace WMLES DES turbulent flow separated flow OpenFOAM |
| title | Wall-Modeled Large Eddy Simulation and Detached Eddy Simulation of Wall-Mounted Separated Flow via OpenFOAM |
| title_full | Wall-Modeled Large Eddy Simulation and Detached Eddy Simulation of Wall-Mounted Separated Flow via OpenFOAM |
| title_fullStr | Wall-Modeled Large Eddy Simulation and Detached Eddy Simulation of Wall-Mounted Separated Flow via OpenFOAM |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wall-Modeled Large Eddy Simulation and Detached Eddy Simulation of Wall-Mounted Separated Flow via OpenFOAM |
| title_short | Wall-Modeled Large Eddy Simulation and Detached Eddy Simulation of Wall-Mounted Separated Flow via OpenFOAM |
| title_sort | wall modeled large eddy simulation and detached eddy simulation of wall mounted separated flow via openfoam |
| topic | WMLES DES turbulent flow separated flow OpenFOAM |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/9/12/759 |
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