Histopathological Changes and Inflammatory Response in Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) with Porcine Circovirus Type 3 Infection
Since the first report of PCV3 virus infection in 2016, it has been linked to multisystemic inflammation, reproductive failure, cardiac pathology, and clinical indications resembling porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS). However, the pathogenesis and clinical significance of PCV3 is st...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/3/530 |
| _version_ | 1797625237831942144 |
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| author | Huidan Deng Song Zhu Ling Zhu Zhijie Jian Yuancheng Zhou Fengqin Li Lishuang Deng Junliang Deng Youtian Deng Siyuan Lai Zhiwen Xu |
| author_facet | Huidan Deng Song Zhu Ling Zhu Zhijie Jian Yuancheng Zhou Fengqin Li Lishuang Deng Junliang Deng Youtian Deng Siyuan Lai Zhiwen Xu |
| author_sort | Huidan Deng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Since the first report of PCV3 virus infection in 2016, it has been linked to multisystemic inflammation, reproductive failure, cardiac pathology, and clinical indications resembling porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS). However, the pathogenesis and clinical significance of PCV3 is still unclear. In this study, a PCV3 infection model was created using SPF pigs, and histopathology and fluorescence quantitative PCR were utilized to examine PCV3’s pathogenicity. Reductions in body weight gain and fever were observed during this study. However, other clinical signs such as Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome were not observed through the study. Viremia was detected in the PCV3-inoculated group from 17 days post-inoculation (p.i.) until the end of the study. Nasal shedding was detected from 21 to 35 dpi and fecal shedding was detected during 25–33 days and 39 days, respectively. Gross lesions and histological evaluation were detected in various tissues and organs, including the lung, heart, kidney, lymph nodes, spleen, liver, small intestine, and testis. The heart, lung, liver, kidney, lymph nodes, and spleen showed pathological changes. The pathological features include swelling, inflammation, cell degeneration, necrosis, and hemorrhage. The lesions are consistent with multisystemic inflammation. Tissue viral load results showed only heart, lung, liver, kidney, lymph nodes, and spleen was positive by qRT-PCR. Moreover, the pro-inflammation cytokines in serum increased a lot in the PCV3-inoculated group compared to the control group, demonstrating that the induced inflammation response may be the cause of tissue damage in PCV3-infection. This study demonstrated that PCV3 can produce mild pathological damage to multiple organs, especially multisystemic inflammatory cell infiltration and prolonged viremia, viral shedding in nasal secretions. This is the first in vivo characterization of PCV3 infection in the SPF piglets model using isolated PCV3 strain, and this is also the first time to show the gross and pathological lesion with all tissue and organs in the PCV3-inoculated group. Our findings might serve as a starting point for more investigation into PCV3’s pathogenic mechanism. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:53:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1bfbabad68864206a0b3fcd24c7b2689 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:53:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-1bfbabad68864206a0b3fcd24c7b26892023-11-16T16:02:09ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-02-0113353010.3390/ani13030530Histopathological Changes and Inflammatory Response in Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) with Porcine Circovirus Type 3 InfectionHuidan Deng0Song Zhu1Ling Zhu2Zhijie Jian3Yuancheng Zhou4Fengqin Li5Lishuang Deng6Junliang Deng7Youtian Deng8Siyuan Lai9Zhiwen Xu10College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaAnimal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610058, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Xichang University, Xichang 615012, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaSince the first report of PCV3 virus infection in 2016, it has been linked to multisystemic inflammation, reproductive failure, cardiac pathology, and clinical indications resembling porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS). However, the pathogenesis and clinical significance of PCV3 is still unclear. In this study, a PCV3 infection model was created using SPF pigs, and histopathology and fluorescence quantitative PCR were utilized to examine PCV3’s pathogenicity. Reductions in body weight gain and fever were observed during this study. However, other clinical signs such as Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome were not observed through the study. Viremia was detected in the PCV3-inoculated group from 17 days post-inoculation (p.i.) until the end of the study. Nasal shedding was detected from 21 to 35 dpi and fecal shedding was detected during 25–33 days and 39 days, respectively. Gross lesions and histological evaluation were detected in various tissues and organs, including the lung, heart, kidney, lymph nodes, spleen, liver, small intestine, and testis. The heart, lung, liver, kidney, lymph nodes, and spleen showed pathological changes. The pathological features include swelling, inflammation, cell degeneration, necrosis, and hemorrhage. The lesions are consistent with multisystemic inflammation. Tissue viral load results showed only heart, lung, liver, kidney, lymph nodes, and spleen was positive by qRT-PCR. Moreover, the pro-inflammation cytokines in serum increased a lot in the PCV3-inoculated group compared to the control group, demonstrating that the induced inflammation response may be the cause of tissue damage in PCV3-infection. This study demonstrated that PCV3 can produce mild pathological damage to multiple organs, especially multisystemic inflammatory cell infiltration and prolonged viremia, viral shedding in nasal secretions. This is the first in vivo characterization of PCV3 infection in the SPF piglets model using isolated PCV3 strain, and this is also the first time to show the gross and pathological lesion with all tissue and organs in the PCV3-inoculated group. Our findings might serve as a starting point for more investigation into PCV3’s pathogenic mechanism.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/3/530porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3)specific pathogen-free (SPF) piglets infection modelpathogenicity |
| spellingShingle | Huidan Deng Song Zhu Ling Zhu Zhijie Jian Yuancheng Zhou Fengqin Li Lishuang Deng Junliang Deng Youtian Deng Siyuan Lai Zhiwen Xu Histopathological Changes and Inflammatory Response in Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) with Porcine Circovirus Type 3 Infection Animals porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) specific pathogen-free (SPF) piglets infection model pathogenicity |
| title | Histopathological Changes and Inflammatory Response in Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) with Porcine Circovirus Type 3 Infection |
| title_full | Histopathological Changes and Inflammatory Response in Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) with Porcine Circovirus Type 3 Infection |
| title_fullStr | Histopathological Changes and Inflammatory Response in Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) with Porcine Circovirus Type 3 Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Histopathological Changes and Inflammatory Response in Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) with Porcine Circovirus Type 3 Infection |
| title_short | Histopathological Changes and Inflammatory Response in Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) with Porcine Circovirus Type 3 Infection |
| title_sort | histopathological changes and inflammatory response in specific pathogen free spf with porcine circovirus type 3 infection |
| topic | porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) specific pathogen-free (SPF) piglets infection model pathogenicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/3/530 |
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