Similar cortical morphometry trajectories from 5 to 9 years in children with perinatal HIV who started treatment before age 2 years and uninfected controls
Abstract Background Life-long early ART (started before age 2 years), often with periods of treatment interruption, is now the standard of care in pediatric HIV infection. Although cross-sectional studies have investigated HIV-related differences in cortical morphology in the setting of early ART an...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-02-01
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| Series: | BMC Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12868-023-00783-7 |
| _version_ | 1797779034507051008 |
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| author | Emmanuel C. Nwosu Martha J. Holmes Mark F. Cotton Els Dobbels Francesca Little Barbara Laughton Andre van der Kouwe Frances Robertson Ernesta M. Meintjes |
| author_facet | Emmanuel C. Nwosu Martha J. Holmes Mark F. Cotton Els Dobbels Francesca Little Barbara Laughton Andre van der Kouwe Frances Robertson Ernesta M. Meintjes |
| author_sort | Emmanuel C. Nwosu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Life-long early ART (started before age 2 years), often with periods of treatment interruption, is now the standard of care in pediatric HIV infection. Although cross-sectional studies have investigated HIV-related differences in cortical morphology in the setting of early ART and ART interruption, the long-term impact on cortical developmental trajectories is unclear. This study compares the longitudinal trajectories of cortical thickness and folding (gyrification) from age 5 to 9 years in a subset of children perinatally infected with HIV (CPHIV) from the Children with HIV Early antiRetroviral therapy (CHER) trial to age-matched children without HIV infection. Methods 75 CHER participants in follow-up care at FAMCRU (Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu), as well as 66 age-matched controls, received magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on a 3 T Siemens Allegra at ages 5, 7 and/or 9 years. MR images were processed, and cortical surfaces reconstructed using the FreeSurfer longitudinal processing stream. Vertex-wise linear mixed effects (LME) analyses were performed across the whole brain to compare the means and linear rates of change of cortical thickness and gyrification from 5 to 9 years between CPHIV and controls, as well as to examine effects of ART interruption. Results Children without HIV demonstrated generalized cortical thinning from 5 to 9 years, with the rate of thinning varying by region, as well as regional age-related gyrification increases. Overall, the means and developmental trajectories of cortical thickness and gyrification were similar in CPHIV. However, at an uncorrected p < 0.005, 6 regions were identified where the cortex of CPHIV was thicker than in uninfected children, namely bilateral insula, left supramarginal, lateral orbitofrontal and superior temporal, and right medial superior frontal regions. Planned ART interruption did not affect development of cortical morphometry. Conclusions Although our results suggest that normal development of cortical morphometry between the ages of 5 and 9 years is preserved in CPHIV who started ART early, these findings require further confirmation with longitudinal follow-up through the vulnerable adolescent period. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T23:24:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1bfcff1b873f4e93920be76c4c2ae3c3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2202 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T23:24:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-1bfcff1b873f4e93920be76c4c2ae3c32023-07-16T11:10:35ZengBMCBMC Neuroscience1471-22022023-02-0124111510.1186/s12868-023-00783-7Similar cortical morphometry trajectories from 5 to 9 years in children with perinatal HIV who started treatment before age 2 years and uninfected controlsEmmanuel C. Nwosu0Martha J. Holmes1Mark F. Cotton2Els Dobbels3Francesca Little4Barbara Laughton5Andre van der Kouwe6Frances Robertson7Ernesta M. Meintjes8Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape TownBiomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape TownDepartment of Pediatrics & Child Health, Family Centre for Research With Ubuntu (FAMCRU), Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch UniversityDepartment of Pediatrics & Child Health, Family Centre for Research With Ubuntu (FAMCRU), Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch UniversityDepartment of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape TownDepartment of Pediatrics & Child Health, Family Centre for Research With Ubuntu (FAMCRU), Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch UniversityBiomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape TownBiomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape TownBiomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape TownAbstract Background Life-long early ART (started before age 2 years), often with periods of treatment interruption, is now the standard of care in pediatric HIV infection. Although cross-sectional studies have investigated HIV-related differences in cortical morphology in the setting of early ART and ART interruption, the long-term impact on cortical developmental trajectories is unclear. This study compares the longitudinal trajectories of cortical thickness and folding (gyrification) from age 5 to 9 years in a subset of children perinatally infected with HIV (CPHIV) from the Children with HIV Early antiRetroviral therapy (CHER) trial to age-matched children without HIV infection. Methods 75 CHER participants in follow-up care at FAMCRU (Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu), as well as 66 age-matched controls, received magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on a 3 T Siemens Allegra at ages 5, 7 and/or 9 years. MR images were processed, and cortical surfaces reconstructed using the FreeSurfer longitudinal processing stream. Vertex-wise linear mixed effects (LME) analyses were performed across the whole brain to compare the means and linear rates of change of cortical thickness and gyrification from 5 to 9 years between CPHIV and controls, as well as to examine effects of ART interruption. Results Children without HIV demonstrated generalized cortical thinning from 5 to 9 years, with the rate of thinning varying by region, as well as regional age-related gyrification increases. Overall, the means and developmental trajectories of cortical thickness and gyrification were similar in CPHIV. However, at an uncorrected p < 0.005, 6 regions were identified where the cortex of CPHIV was thicker than in uninfected children, namely bilateral insula, left supramarginal, lateral orbitofrontal and superior temporal, and right medial superior frontal regions. Planned ART interruption did not affect development of cortical morphometry. Conclusions Although our results suggest that normal development of cortical morphometry between the ages of 5 and 9 years is preserved in CPHIV who started ART early, these findings require further confirmation with longitudinal follow-up through the vulnerable adolescent period.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12868-023-00783-7LongitudinalChildren with HIVCHERCortical thicknessGyrificationFreeSurfer |
| spellingShingle | Emmanuel C. Nwosu Martha J. Holmes Mark F. Cotton Els Dobbels Francesca Little Barbara Laughton Andre van der Kouwe Frances Robertson Ernesta M. Meintjes Similar cortical morphometry trajectories from 5 to 9 years in children with perinatal HIV who started treatment before age 2 years and uninfected controls BMC Neuroscience Longitudinal Children with HIV CHER Cortical thickness Gyrification FreeSurfer |
| title | Similar cortical morphometry trajectories from 5 to 9 years in children with perinatal HIV who started treatment before age 2 years and uninfected controls |
| title_full | Similar cortical morphometry trajectories from 5 to 9 years in children with perinatal HIV who started treatment before age 2 years and uninfected controls |
| title_fullStr | Similar cortical morphometry trajectories from 5 to 9 years in children with perinatal HIV who started treatment before age 2 years and uninfected controls |
| title_full_unstemmed | Similar cortical morphometry trajectories from 5 to 9 years in children with perinatal HIV who started treatment before age 2 years and uninfected controls |
| title_short | Similar cortical morphometry trajectories from 5 to 9 years in children with perinatal HIV who started treatment before age 2 years and uninfected controls |
| title_sort | similar cortical morphometry trajectories from 5 to 9 years in children with perinatal hiv who started treatment before age 2 years and uninfected controls |
| topic | Longitudinal Children with HIV CHER Cortical thickness Gyrification FreeSurfer |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12868-023-00783-7 |
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