Fast and Simple Statistical Shape Analysis of Pregnant Women Using Radial Deformation of a Cylindrical Template
Non-rigid deformation of a template to fit 3D scans of human subjects is widely used to develop statistical models of 3D human shapes and poses. Complex optimization problems must be solved to use these models to parameterize scans of pregnant women, thus limiting their use in antenatal point-of-car...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2024-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10356049/ |
| _version_ | 1797311629804699648 |
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| author | Likhit K. Nayak Mahlet Y. Gebremariam Elianna Paljug Rudolph L. Gleason |
| author_facet | Likhit K. Nayak Mahlet Y. Gebremariam Elianna Paljug Rudolph L. Gleason |
| author_sort | Likhit K. Nayak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Non-rigid deformation of a template to fit 3D scans of human subjects is widely used to develop statistical models of 3D human shapes and poses. Complex optimization problems must be solved to use these models to parameterize scans of pregnant women, thus limiting their use in antenatal point-of-care tools in low-resource settings. Moreover, these models were developed using datasets that did not contain any 3D scans of pregnant women. In this study, we developed a statistical shape model of the torso of pregnant women at greater than 36 weeks of gestation using fast and simple vertex-based deformation of a cylindrical template constrained along the radial direction. The 3D scans were pre-processed to remove noisy outlier points and segment the torso based on anatomical landmarks. A cylindrical template mesh <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T$ </tex-math></inline-formula> was then fitted onto the segmented scan of the torso by moving each vertex of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in the direction of the radial vector. This process is computationally inexpensive taking only 14.80 seconds to deform a template with 9090 vertices. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the deformed vertex co-ordinates to find the directions of maximum variance. The first 10 principal vectors of our model explained 79.03% of the total variance and reconstructed unseen scans with a mean error of 2.43 cm. We also used the PCA weights of the first 10 principal vectors to accurately predict anthropometric measurements of the pregnant women. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T02:03:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1c0b72abae4a42238619cb637b03c389 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T02:03:27Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-1c0b72abae4a42238619cb637b03c3892024-02-14T00:01:32ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362024-01-0112202512025910.1109/ACCESS.2023.334260810356049Fast and Simple Statistical Shape Analysis of Pregnant Women Using Radial Deformation of a Cylindrical TemplateLikhit K. Nayak0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2247-6352Mahlet Y. Gebremariam1Elianna Paljug2Rudolph L. Gleason3George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USADepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaHubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USAGeorge W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USANon-rigid deformation of a template to fit 3D scans of human subjects is widely used to develop statistical models of 3D human shapes and poses. Complex optimization problems must be solved to use these models to parameterize scans of pregnant women, thus limiting their use in antenatal point-of-care tools in low-resource settings. Moreover, these models were developed using datasets that did not contain any 3D scans of pregnant women. In this study, we developed a statistical shape model of the torso of pregnant women at greater than 36 weeks of gestation using fast and simple vertex-based deformation of a cylindrical template constrained along the radial direction. The 3D scans were pre-processed to remove noisy outlier points and segment the torso based on anatomical landmarks. A cylindrical template mesh <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T$ </tex-math></inline-formula> was then fitted onto the segmented scan of the torso by moving each vertex of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in the direction of the radial vector. This process is computationally inexpensive taking only 14.80 seconds to deform a template with 9090 vertices. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the deformed vertex co-ordinates to find the directions of maximum variance. The first 10 principal vectors of our model explained 79.03% of the total variance and reconstructed unseen scans with a mean error of 2.43 cm. We also used the PCA weights of the first 10 principal vectors to accurately predict anthropometric measurements of the pregnant women.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10356049/AnthropometryCPDnon-rigid deformationpregnancypoint-of-careradial deformation |
| spellingShingle | Likhit K. Nayak Mahlet Y. Gebremariam Elianna Paljug Rudolph L. Gleason Fast and Simple Statistical Shape Analysis of Pregnant Women Using Radial Deformation of a Cylindrical Template IEEE Access Anthropometry CPD non-rigid deformation pregnancy point-of-care radial deformation |
| title | Fast and Simple Statistical Shape Analysis of Pregnant Women Using Radial Deformation of a Cylindrical Template |
| title_full | Fast and Simple Statistical Shape Analysis of Pregnant Women Using Radial Deformation of a Cylindrical Template |
| title_fullStr | Fast and Simple Statistical Shape Analysis of Pregnant Women Using Radial Deformation of a Cylindrical Template |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fast and Simple Statistical Shape Analysis of Pregnant Women Using Radial Deformation of a Cylindrical Template |
| title_short | Fast and Simple Statistical Shape Analysis of Pregnant Women Using Radial Deformation of a Cylindrical Template |
| title_sort | fast and simple statistical shape analysis of pregnant women using radial deformation of a cylindrical template |
| topic | Anthropometry CPD non-rigid deformation pregnancy point-of-care radial deformation |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10356049/ |
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