Effect of intravenous lipid infusion on biomarkers of insulin resistance and immune functions of dry and nonpregnant dairy cows
ABSTRACT: During the transition period, dairy cows often experience negative energy balance, which can induce metabolic and immunological disturbances. Previous work has shown that there is a relationship between the dysfunction of immune cells and the increase in blood nonesterified fatty acid (NEF...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2023-03-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Dairy Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030222007573 |
| _version_ | 1797897348750245888 |
|---|---|
| author | Noémie Vanacker Henrique Barbosa Hooper Richard Blouin Pierre Lacasse |
| author_facet | Noémie Vanacker Henrique Barbosa Hooper Richard Blouin Pierre Lacasse |
| author_sort | Noémie Vanacker |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT: During the transition period, dairy cows often experience negative energy balance, which can induce metabolic and immunological disturbances. Previous work has shown that there is a relationship between the dysfunction of immune cells and the increase in blood nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration. Nevertheless, it is difficult to determine the exact effect of NEFA on the immune system, as other metabolic and hormonal perturbations occur simultaneously during the transition period. In the present study, we have determined the effect of NEFA on immune functions using an experimental model designed to assess the effects independently of energy balance, as well as hormonal and metabolic changes due to parturition. Six dry and nonpregnant cows were infused with either sterile water (control treatment) or a lipid emulsion (Intralipid 20%, Frenesius Kabi, lipid treatment) at a rate of 1 mL/kg per hour for 6 h according to a crossover design. Blood concentrations of NEFA, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and glucose were measured every hour throughout the infusion period, and 1 and 18 h after the end of infusion. Proliferation and interferon-γ secretion of lymphocytes, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst of neutrophils and blood insulin concentration were evaluated before, during, and at the end of the infusion. For NEFA, BHB, and glucose, treatment × time interactions were present. When compared with the control condition, NEFA and BHB levels were greater in the plasma of cows infused with lipids from 1 h after the start of infusion until 1 h after the end of infusion. Glucose level also increased in response to lipid infusion from 2 h of infusion until 1 h after the end of treatment. For sterile water and lipid infusions, respectively, maximal concentrations were 0.06 ± 0.10 mM and 1.39 ± 0.10 mM for NEFA, 0.70 ± 0.05 mM and 1.06 ± 0.05 mM for BHB, and 4.56 ± 0.27 mM and 6.90 ± 0.27 mM for glucose. For all blood metabolites, there were no differences between treatments 18 h postinfusion. Lipid infusion significantly increased blood insulin concentration at 3 and 6 h of infusion. However, it returned to its basal concentration 18 h after the end of the infusion. Lymphoproliferation declined as early as 3 h after the start of the lipid infusion. At 3 and 6 h of infusion, lipid treatment significantly reduced INF-γ concentration in the culture cell supernatant. The lipid infusion did not affect neutrophil phagocytosis. Nevertheless, the efficacy of the response was affected by a reduction of neutrophils' oxidative burst. These results confirm that NEFA inhibits immune functions independently of energy balance and other changes that occur during the transition period. They also indicate that high blood lipid concentration causes insulin resistance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T07:56:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1c0ee4e7ced44a6ab56b13ca8ad59358 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0022-0302 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T07:56:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Dairy Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-1c0ee4e7ced44a6ab56b13ca8ad593582023-02-23T04:29:46ZengElsevierJournal of Dairy Science0022-03022023-03-01106321132123Effect of intravenous lipid infusion on biomarkers of insulin resistance and immune functions of dry and nonpregnant dairy cowsNoémie Vanacker0Henrique Barbosa Hooper1Richard Blouin2Pierre Lacasse3Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1M 0C8; Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1K 2R1Centro Universitário Max Planck, Universidade de São Paulo, Leme, São Paulo 13343-060, BrazilDépartement de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1K 2R1Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1M 0C8; Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1K 2R1; Corresponding authorABSTRACT: During the transition period, dairy cows often experience negative energy balance, which can induce metabolic and immunological disturbances. Previous work has shown that there is a relationship between the dysfunction of immune cells and the increase in blood nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration. Nevertheless, it is difficult to determine the exact effect of NEFA on the immune system, as other metabolic and hormonal perturbations occur simultaneously during the transition period. In the present study, we have determined the effect of NEFA on immune functions using an experimental model designed to assess the effects independently of energy balance, as well as hormonal and metabolic changes due to parturition. Six dry and nonpregnant cows were infused with either sterile water (control treatment) or a lipid emulsion (Intralipid 20%, Frenesius Kabi, lipid treatment) at a rate of 1 mL/kg per hour for 6 h according to a crossover design. Blood concentrations of NEFA, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and glucose were measured every hour throughout the infusion period, and 1 and 18 h after the end of infusion. Proliferation and interferon-γ secretion of lymphocytes, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst of neutrophils and blood insulin concentration were evaluated before, during, and at the end of the infusion. For NEFA, BHB, and glucose, treatment × time interactions were present. When compared with the control condition, NEFA and BHB levels were greater in the plasma of cows infused with lipids from 1 h after the start of infusion until 1 h after the end of infusion. Glucose level also increased in response to lipid infusion from 2 h of infusion until 1 h after the end of treatment. For sterile water and lipid infusions, respectively, maximal concentrations were 0.06 ± 0.10 mM and 1.39 ± 0.10 mM for NEFA, 0.70 ± 0.05 mM and 1.06 ± 0.05 mM for BHB, and 4.56 ± 0.27 mM and 6.90 ± 0.27 mM for glucose. For all blood metabolites, there were no differences between treatments 18 h postinfusion. Lipid infusion significantly increased blood insulin concentration at 3 and 6 h of infusion. However, it returned to its basal concentration 18 h after the end of the infusion. Lymphoproliferation declined as early as 3 h after the start of the lipid infusion. At 3 and 6 h of infusion, lipid treatment significantly reduced INF-γ concentration in the culture cell supernatant. The lipid infusion did not affect neutrophil phagocytosis. Nevertheless, the efficacy of the response was affected by a reduction of neutrophils' oxidative burst. These results confirm that NEFA inhibits immune functions independently of energy balance and other changes that occur during the transition period. They also indicate that high blood lipid concentration causes insulin resistance.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030222007573energy balancelymphocyteneutrophilglucoseimmunosuppression |
| spellingShingle | Noémie Vanacker Henrique Barbosa Hooper Richard Blouin Pierre Lacasse Effect of intravenous lipid infusion on biomarkers of insulin resistance and immune functions of dry and nonpregnant dairy cows Journal of Dairy Science energy balance lymphocyte neutrophil glucose immunosuppression |
| title | Effect of intravenous lipid infusion on biomarkers of insulin resistance and immune functions of dry and nonpregnant dairy cows |
| title_full | Effect of intravenous lipid infusion on biomarkers of insulin resistance and immune functions of dry and nonpregnant dairy cows |
| title_fullStr | Effect of intravenous lipid infusion on biomarkers of insulin resistance and immune functions of dry and nonpregnant dairy cows |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of intravenous lipid infusion on biomarkers of insulin resistance and immune functions of dry and nonpregnant dairy cows |
| title_short | Effect of intravenous lipid infusion on biomarkers of insulin resistance and immune functions of dry and nonpregnant dairy cows |
| title_sort | effect of intravenous lipid infusion on biomarkers of insulin resistance and immune functions of dry and nonpregnant dairy cows |
| topic | energy balance lymphocyte neutrophil glucose immunosuppression |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030222007573 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT noemievanacker effectofintravenouslipidinfusiononbiomarkersofinsulinresistanceandimmunefunctionsofdryandnonpregnantdairycows AT henriquebarbosahooper effectofintravenouslipidinfusiononbiomarkersofinsulinresistanceandimmunefunctionsofdryandnonpregnantdairycows AT richardblouin effectofintravenouslipidinfusiononbiomarkersofinsulinresistanceandimmunefunctionsofdryandnonpregnantdairycows AT pierrelacasse effectofintravenouslipidinfusiononbiomarkersofinsulinresistanceandimmunefunctionsofdryandnonpregnantdairycows |