Vaping, Environmental Toxicants Exposure, and Lung Cancer Risk
Lung cancer (LC) is the second-most prevalent tumor worldwide. According to the most recent GLOBOCAN data, over 2.2 million LC cases were reported in 2020, with an estimated new death incident of 1,796,144 lung cancer cases. Genetic, lifestyle, and environmental exposure play an important role as ri...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/18/4525 |
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| author | Shaimaa A. Shehata Eman A. Toraih Ezzat A. Ismail Abeer M. Hagras Ekramy Elmorsy Manal S. Fawzy |
| author_facet | Shaimaa A. Shehata Eman A. Toraih Ezzat A. Ismail Abeer M. Hagras Ekramy Elmorsy Manal S. Fawzy |
| author_sort | Shaimaa A. Shehata |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lung cancer (LC) is the second-most prevalent tumor worldwide. According to the most recent GLOBOCAN data, over 2.2 million LC cases were reported in 2020, with an estimated new death incident of 1,796,144 lung cancer cases. Genetic, lifestyle, and environmental exposure play an important role as risk factors for LC. E-cigarette, or vaping, products (EVPs) use has been dramatically increasing world-wide. There is growing concern that EVPs consumption may increase the risk of LC because EVPs contain several proven carcinogenic compounds. However, the relationship between EVPs and LC is not well established. E-cigarette contains nicotine derivatives (e.g., nitrosnornicotine, nitrosamine ketone), heavy metals (including organometal compounds), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and flavorings (aldehydes and complex organics). Several environmental toxicants have been proven to contribute to LC. Proven and plausible environmental carcinogens could be physical (ionizing and non-ionizing radiation), chemicals (such as asbestos, formaldehyde, and dioxins), and heavy metals (such as cobalt, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and nickel). Air pollution, especially particulate matter (PM) emitted from vehicles and industrial exhausts, is linked with LC. Although extensive environmental exposure prevention policies and smoking reduction strategies have been adopted globally, the dangers remain. Combined, both EVPs and toxic environmental exposures may demonstrate significant synergistic oncogenicity. This review aims to analyze the current publications on the importance of the relationship between EVPs consumption and environmental toxicants in the pathogenesis of LC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:56:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1c22376b21d845ec93bf8d7c1cf8707a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:56:57Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-1c22376b21d845ec93bf8d7c1cf8707a2023-11-19T09:55:03ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942023-09-011518452510.3390/cancers15184525Vaping, Environmental Toxicants Exposure, and Lung Cancer RiskShaimaa A. Shehata0Eman A. Toraih1Ezzat A. Ismail2Abeer M. Hagras3Ekramy Elmorsy4Manal S. Fawzy5Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, EgyptDivision of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USADepartment of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, EgyptDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, EgyptDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi ArabiaLung cancer (LC) is the second-most prevalent tumor worldwide. According to the most recent GLOBOCAN data, over 2.2 million LC cases were reported in 2020, with an estimated new death incident of 1,796,144 lung cancer cases. Genetic, lifestyle, and environmental exposure play an important role as risk factors for LC. E-cigarette, or vaping, products (EVPs) use has been dramatically increasing world-wide. There is growing concern that EVPs consumption may increase the risk of LC because EVPs contain several proven carcinogenic compounds. However, the relationship between EVPs and LC is not well established. E-cigarette contains nicotine derivatives (e.g., nitrosnornicotine, nitrosamine ketone), heavy metals (including organometal compounds), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and flavorings (aldehydes and complex organics). Several environmental toxicants have been proven to contribute to LC. Proven and plausible environmental carcinogens could be physical (ionizing and non-ionizing radiation), chemicals (such as asbestos, formaldehyde, and dioxins), and heavy metals (such as cobalt, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and nickel). Air pollution, especially particulate matter (PM) emitted from vehicles and industrial exhausts, is linked with LC. Although extensive environmental exposure prevention policies and smoking reduction strategies have been adopted globally, the dangers remain. Combined, both EVPs and toxic environmental exposures may demonstrate significant synergistic oncogenicity. This review aims to analyze the current publications on the importance of the relationship between EVPs consumption and environmental toxicants in the pathogenesis of LC.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/18/4525pulmonarycancere-smokingriskenvironmentvaping |
| spellingShingle | Shaimaa A. Shehata Eman A. Toraih Ezzat A. Ismail Abeer M. Hagras Ekramy Elmorsy Manal S. Fawzy Vaping, Environmental Toxicants Exposure, and Lung Cancer Risk Cancers pulmonary cancer e-smoking risk environment vaping |
| title | Vaping, Environmental Toxicants Exposure, and Lung Cancer Risk |
| title_full | Vaping, Environmental Toxicants Exposure, and Lung Cancer Risk |
| title_fullStr | Vaping, Environmental Toxicants Exposure, and Lung Cancer Risk |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vaping, Environmental Toxicants Exposure, and Lung Cancer Risk |
| title_short | Vaping, Environmental Toxicants Exposure, and Lung Cancer Risk |
| title_sort | vaping environmental toxicants exposure and lung cancer risk |
| topic | pulmonary cancer e-smoking risk environment vaping |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/18/4525 |
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