Diversity and Abundance of Potential Vectors of Rift Valley Fever Virus in the North Region of Cameroon
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a major viral zoonosis transmitted by mosquitoes. The virus is endemic in most parts of sub-Saharan Africa and can affect humans, livestock, and wild ungulates. Knowledge of the biology of vectors of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is essential for the establishment of effe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/11/814 |
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| author | Poueme Namegni Rodrigue Simonet Njan-Nloga Alexandre Michel Wade Abel Eisenbarth Albert Groschup Martin Hermann Stoek Franziska |
| author_facet | Poueme Namegni Rodrigue Simonet Njan-Nloga Alexandre Michel Wade Abel Eisenbarth Albert Groschup Martin Hermann Stoek Franziska |
| author_sort | Poueme Namegni Rodrigue Simonet |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a major viral zoonosis transmitted by mosquitoes. The virus is endemic in most parts of sub-Saharan Africa and can affect humans, livestock, and wild ungulates. Knowledge of the biology of vectors of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is essential for the establishment of effective control measures of the disease. The objective of this study was to determine the species diversity and relative abundance of potential RVFV vectors in the North Region of Cameroon. Adult mosquitoes were trapped during the wet and dry seasons from December 2017 to January 2019 with “EVS Light” traps with CO<sub>2</sub> baits placed at selected sites. The captured mosquitoes were identified using dichotomous keys according to standard procedures. The abundance was calculated with regard to site, zone, and collection season. A total of 27,851 mosquitoes belonging to four genera (<i>Aedes, Anopheles, Mansonia</i>, and <i>Culex</i>) and comprising 31 species were caught (including 22 secondary vectors (98.05%) and nine primary vectors (1.94%). The total number of mosquitoes varied significantly depending on the locality (<i>p</i>-value < 0.001). The average number of mosquitoes collected per trap night was significantly higher in irrigated areas (<i>p</i>-value < 0.001), compared to urban and non-irrigated areas. The study revealed the presence of potential primary and secondary vectors of RVFV with varying abundance and diversity according to locality and ecological site in the North Region of Cameroon. The results showed that the genus <i>Mansonia</i> with the species <i>Ma. uniformis</i> and <i>Ma. africana</i> formed the dominant taxon (52.33%), followed by the genera <i>Culex</i> (45.04%) and <i>Anopheles</i> (2.61%). The need for molecular analysis (PCR) tests for RVFV RNA research and viral isolation methods on these vectors to determine their role in the epidemiology and control of RVF cannot be overemphasized. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:44:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1c25e4ff9b3b426c83aa9d3f83ac0549 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:44:33Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-1c25e4ff9b3b426c83aa9d3f83ac05492023-11-20T21:28:00ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502020-11-01111181410.3390/insects11110814Diversity and Abundance of Potential Vectors of Rift Valley Fever Virus in the North Region of CameroonPoueme Namegni Rodrigue Simonet0Njan-Nloga Alexandre Michel1Wade Abel2Eisenbarth Albert3Groschup Martin Hermann4Stoek Franziska5National Veterinary Laboratory Cameroon (LANAVET), Garoua BP 503, CameroonDepartment of Biological Sciences, The University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere BP 454, CameroonNational Veterinary Laboratory Cameroon (LANAVET), Garoua BP 503, CameroonInstitute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, GermanyInstitute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, GermanyInstitute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, GermanyRift Valley fever (RVF) is a major viral zoonosis transmitted by mosquitoes. The virus is endemic in most parts of sub-Saharan Africa and can affect humans, livestock, and wild ungulates. Knowledge of the biology of vectors of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is essential for the establishment of effective control measures of the disease. The objective of this study was to determine the species diversity and relative abundance of potential RVFV vectors in the North Region of Cameroon. Adult mosquitoes were trapped during the wet and dry seasons from December 2017 to January 2019 with “EVS Light” traps with CO<sub>2</sub> baits placed at selected sites. The captured mosquitoes were identified using dichotomous keys according to standard procedures. The abundance was calculated with regard to site, zone, and collection season. A total of 27,851 mosquitoes belonging to four genera (<i>Aedes, Anopheles, Mansonia</i>, and <i>Culex</i>) and comprising 31 species were caught (including 22 secondary vectors (98.05%) and nine primary vectors (1.94%). The total number of mosquitoes varied significantly depending on the locality (<i>p</i>-value < 0.001). The average number of mosquitoes collected per trap night was significantly higher in irrigated areas (<i>p</i>-value < 0.001), compared to urban and non-irrigated areas. The study revealed the presence of potential primary and secondary vectors of RVFV with varying abundance and diversity according to locality and ecological site in the North Region of Cameroon. The results showed that the genus <i>Mansonia</i> with the species <i>Ma. uniformis</i> and <i>Ma. africana</i> formed the dominant taxon (52.33%), followed by the genera <i>Culex</i> (45.04%) and <i>Anopheles</i> (2.61%). The need for molecular analysis (PCR) tests for RVFV RNA research and viral isolation methods on these vectors to determine their role in the epidemiology and control of RVF cannot be overemphasized.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/11/814Rift Valley fevervectorsdiversityabundanceNorth RegionCameroon |
| spellingShingle | Poueme Namegni Rodrigue Simonet Njan-Nloga Alexandre Michel Wade Abel Eisenbarth Albert Groschup Martin Hermann Stoek Franziska Diversity and Abundance of Potential Vectors of Rift Valley Fever Virus in the North Region of Cameroon Insects Rift Valley fever vectors diversity abundance North Region Cameroon |
| title | Diversity and Abundance of Potential Vectors of Rift Valley Fever Virus in the North Region of Cameroon |
| title_full | Diversity and Abundance of Potential Vectors of Rift Valley Fever Virus in the North Region of Cameroon |
| title_fullStr | Diversity and Abundance of Potential Vectors of Rift Valley Fever Virus in the North Region of Cameroon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diversity and Abundance of Potential Vectors of Rift Valley Fever Virus in the North Region of Cameroon |
| title_short | Diversity and Abundance of Potential Vectors of Rift Valley Fever Virus in the North Region of Cameroon |
| title_sort | diversity and abundance of potential vectors of rift valley fever virus in the north region of cameroon |
| topic | Rift Valley fever vectors diversity abundance North Region Cameroon |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/11/814 |
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