UHPLC-HRMS Analysis of <i>Fagus sylvatica</i> (Fagaceae) Leaves: A Renewable Source of Antioxidant Polyphenols
European beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.) is a deciduous tree, widely distributed in Europe and largely appreciated for its wood and nutritive nuts. Beech leaf also enjoys food use as salad, but an understanding of its nutraceutical value is still far from being achieved. Indeed, and al...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/7/1140 |
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| author | Marialuisa Formato Simona Piccolella Christian Zidorn Severina Pacifico |
| author_facet | Marialuisa Formato Simona Piccolella Christian Zidorn Severina Pacifico |
| author_sort | Marialuisa Formato |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | European beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.) is a deciduous tree, widely distributed in Europe and largely appreciated for its wood and nutritive nuts. Beech leaf also enjoys food use as salad, but an understanding of its nutraceutical value is still far from being achieved. Indeed, and also taking into account beech leaf as a consistent biomass residue available beechwood production and use, it needs to be explored as a valuable renewable specialized source of bioactive molecules. In this context, an untargeted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) approach was favorably applied to a beech leaf alcoholic extract, which also was evaluated for its antiradical capability (by means of assays based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and [2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid)] (ABTS) radical cation) and its ferric ion reducing power. Redox mitochondrial activity towards Caco-2 cells paved the way to explore the extract’s capability to inhibit intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) using 2’,7’dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay. Hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives, mainly belonging to the chlorogenic acid class, and flavonoids were the main constituents. Uncommon flavanone <i>C</i>-glycosides were also found, together with a plentiful flavonol diversity. Cell-free and cell-based assays highlight its dose-dependent antioxidant efficacy, providing a foundation for further investigation of beech leaf constituents and its valorization and use as a reservoir of bioactive natural products with potential nutraceutical applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:46:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1c2fc80c41b04466bc884f7a1f773506 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:46:39Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-1c2fc80c41b04466bc884f7a1f7735062023-11-22T03:06:09ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212021-07-01107114010.3390/antiox10071140UHPLC-HRMS Analysis of <i>Fagus sylvatica</i> (Fagaceae) Leaves: A Renewable Source of Antioxidant PolyphenolsMarialuisa Formato0Simona Piccolella1Christian Zidorn2Severina Pacifico3Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, ItalyDepartment of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, ItalyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Kiel University, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, GermanyDepartment of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, ItalyEuropean beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.) is a deciduous tree, widely distributed in Europe and largely appreciated for its wood and nutritive nuts. Beech leaf also enjoys food use as salad, but an understanding of its nutraceutical value is still far from being achieved. Indeed, and also taking into account beech leaf as a consistent biomass residue available beechwood production and use, it needs to be explored as a valuable renewable specialized source of bioactive molecules. In this context, an untargeted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) approach was favorably applied to a beech leaf alcoholic extract, which also was evaluated for its antiradical capability (by means of assays based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and [2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid)] (ABTS) radical cation) and its ferric ion reducing power. Redox mitochondrial activity towards Caco-2 cells paved the way to explore the extract’s capability to inhibit intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) using 2’,7’dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay. Hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives, mainly belonging to the chlorogenic acid class, and flavonoids were the main constituents. Uncommon flavanone <i>C</i>-glycosides were also found, together with a plentiful flavonol diversity. Cell-free and cell-based assays highlight its dose-dependent antioxidant efficacy, providing a foundation for further investigation of beech leaf constituents and its valorization and use as a reservoir of bioactive natural products with potential nutraceutical applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/7/1140<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.beech leafultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography electroSpray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Q<i>q</i>TOF HRMS) analysisantioxidant assayspolyphenol recovery |
| spellingShingle | Marialuisa Formato Simona Piccolella Christian Zidorn Severina Pacifico UHPLC-HRMS Analysis of <i>Fagus sylvatica</i> (Fagaceae) Leaves: A Renewable Source of Antioxidant Polyphenols Antioxidants <i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L. beech leaf ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography electroSpray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Q<i>q</i>TOF HRMS) analysis antioxidant assays polyphenol recovery |
| title | UHPLC-HRMS Analysis of <i>Fagus sylvatica</i> (Fagaceae) Leaves: A Renewable Source of Antioxidant Polyphenols |
| title_full | UHPLC-HRMS Analysis of <i>Fagus sylvatica</i> (Fagaceae) Leaves: A Renewable Source of Antioxidant Polyphenols |
| title_fullStr | UHPLC-HRMS Analysis of <i>Fagus sylvatica</i> (Fagaceae) Leaves: A Renewable Source of Antioxidant Polyphenols |
| title_full_unstemmed | UHPLC-HRMS Analysis of <i>Fagus sylvatica</i> (Fagaceae) Leaves: A Renewable Source of Antioxidant Polyphenols |
| title_short | UHPLC-HRMS Analysis of <i>Fagus sylvatica</i> (Fagaceae) Leaves: A Renewable Source of Antioxidant Polyphenols |
| title_sort | uhplc hrms analysis of i fagus sylvatica i fagaceae leaves a renewable source of antioxidant polyphenols |
| topic | <i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L. beech leaf ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography electroSpray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Q<i>q</i>TOF HRMS) analysis antioxidant assays polyphenol recovery |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/7/1140 |
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