Combined Effect of Hot Weather and Outdoor Air Pollution on Respiratory Health: Literature Review
Association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and respiratory health is well documented. At the same time, it is widely known that extreme weather events intrinsically exacerbate air pollution impact. Particularly, hot weather and extreme temperatures during heat waves (HW) signif...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/6/790 |
| _version_ | 1827689265670127616 |
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| author | Elena Grigorieva Artem Lukyanets |
| author_facet | Elena Grigorieva Artem Lukyanets |
| author_sort | Elena Grigorieva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and respiratory health is well documented. At the same time, it is widely known that extreme weather events intrinsically exacerbate air pollution impact. Particularly, hot weather and extreme temperatures during heat waves (HW) significantly affect human health, increasing risks of respiratory mortality and morbidity. Concurrently, a synergistic effect of air pollution and high temperatures can be combined with weather–air pollution interaction during wildfires. The purpose of the current review is to summarize literature on interplay of hot weather, air pollution, and respiratory health consequences worldwide, with the ultimate goal of identifying the most dangerous pollution agents and vulnerable population groups. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases Web of Science, Pubmed, Science Direct, and Scopus, focusing only on peer-reviewed journal articles published in English from 2000 to 2021. The main findings demonstrate that the increased level of PM<sub>10</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> results in significantly higher rates of respiratory and cardiopulmonary mortality. Increments in PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>, CO, and NO<sub>2</sub> concentrations during high temperature episodes are dramatically associated with higher admissions to hospital in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, daily hospital emergency transports for asthma, acute and chronic bronchitis, and premature mortality caused by respiratory disease. Excessive respiratory health risk is more pronounced in elderly cohorts and small children. Both heat waves and outdoor air pollution are synergistically linked and are expected to be more serious in the future due to greater climate instability, being a crucial threat to global public health that requires the responsible involvement of researchers at all levels. Sustainable urban planning and smart city design could significantly reduce both urban heat islands effect and air pollution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:15:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1c35f92d142d4b8282e8b84d8a86539a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:15:17Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-1c35f92d142d4b8282e8b84d8a86539a2023-11-22T00:52:25ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332021-06-0112679010.3390/atmos12060790Combined Effect of Hot Weather and Outdoor Air Pollution on Respiratory Health: Literature ReviewElena Grigorieva0Artem Lukyanets1Institute for Complex Analysis of Regional Problems, Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences (ICARP FEB RAS), 679016 Birobidzhan, RussiaInstitute for Demographic Research, Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IDR FCTAC RAS), 119333 Moscow, RussiaAssociation between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and respiratory health is well documented. At the same time, it is widely known that extreme weather events intrinsically exacerbate air pollution impact. Particularly, hot weather and extreme temperatures during heat waves (HW) significantly affect human health, increasing risks of respiratory mortality and morbidity. Concurrently, a synergistic effect of air pollution and high temperatures can be combined with weather–air pollution interaction during wildfires. The purpose of the current review is to summarize literature on interplay of hot weather, air pollution, and respiratory health consequences worldwide, with the ultimate goal of identifying the most dangerous pollution agents and vulnerable population groups. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases Web of Science, Pubmed, Science Direct, and Scopus, focusing only on peer-reviewed journal articles published in English from 2000 to 2021. The main findings demonstrate that the increased level of PM<sub>10</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> results in significantly higher rates of respiratory and cardiopulmonary mortality. Increments in PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>, CO, and NO<sub>2</sub> concentrations during high temperature episodes are dramatically associated with higher admissions to hospital in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, daily hospital emergency transports for asthma, acute and chronic bronchitis, and premature mortality caused by respiratory disease. Excessive respiratory health risk is more pronounced in elderly cohorts and small children. Both heat waves and outdoor air pollution are synergistically linked and are expected to be more serious in the future due to greater climate instability, being a crucial threat to global public health that requires the responsible involvement of researchers at all levels. Sustainable urban planning and smart city design could significantly reduce both urban heat islands effect and air pollution.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/6/790air pollutionextremely hot weatherheat wavescombined effectrespiratory healthwildfires |
| spellingShingle | Elena Grigorieva Artem Lukyanets Combined Effect of Hot Weather and Outdoor Air Pollution on Respiratory Health: Literature Review Atmosphere air pollution extremely hot weather heat waves combined effect respiratory health wildfires |
| title | Combined Effect of Hot Weather and Outdoor Air Pollution on Respiratory Health: Literature Review |
| title_full | Combined Effect of Hot Weather and Outdoor Air Pollution on Respiratory Health: Literature Review |
| title_fullStr | Combined Effect of Hot Weather and Outdoor Air Pollution on Respiratory Health: Literature Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Combined Effect of Hot Weather and Outdoor Air Pollution on Respiratory Health: Literature Review |
| title_short | Combined Effect of Hot Weather and Outdoor Air Pollution on Respiratory Health: Literature Review |
| title_sort | combined effect of hot weather and outdoor air pollution on respiratory health literature review |
| topic | air pollution extremely hot weather heat waves combined effect respiratory health wildfires |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/6/790 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT elenagrigorieva combinedeffectofhotweatherandoutdoorairpollutiononrespiratoryhealthliteraturereview AT artemlukyanets combinedeffectofhotweatherandoutdoorairpollutiononrespiratoryhealthliteraturereview |