Effects of Sodium Nanoalginate and Lime on Swelling Properties of Expansive Soils
The findings revealed that the addition of nanoalginate and lime had distinct effects on various soil properties. Specifically, the liquid limit (LL) and plastic limit (PL) decreased when sodium nanoalginate and lime were added, while the plasticity index (PI) and shrinkage limit (SL) increased. Fur...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Minerals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/12/1515 |
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| author | Fatemeh Mousavi Ehsan Abdi Abbas Taheri |
| author_facet | Fatemeh Mousavi Ehsan Abdi Abbas Taheri |
| author_sort | Fatemeh Mousavi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The findings revealed that the addition of nanoalginate and lime had distinct effects on various soil properties. Specifically, the liquid limit (LL) and plastic limit (PL) decreased when sodium nanoalginate and lime were added, while the plasticity index (PI) and shrinkage limit (SL) increased. Furthermore, the soil classification was altered when sodium alginate and lime were introduced to the control soil. Regarding the standard Proctor test, it was observed that adding sodium nanoalginate increased the maximum dry density and reduced the optimal moisture content, whereas lime had the opposite effect by decreasing the maximum dry density and increasing the optimal moisture content. The free swelling and swelling pressure tests indicated that the incorporation of sodium nanoalginate and lime reduced both free swelling and swelling pressure. The most significant reduction was observed in the sample containing 7% sodium nanoalginate and 5% lime. Additionally, the study highlighted the influence of processing time, showing that an increase in the curing time led to a decrease in free swelling and swelling pressure in samples mixed with 3% sodium nanoalginate and lime. The XRD test showed that adding sodium nanoalginate reduced primary minerals, forming SAH, while lime reduced quartz and calcite, creating CSH. Overall, the results suggest that sodium nanoalginate can be a more environmentally friendly alternative to lime for soil stabilization projects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:30:38Z |
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| id | doaj.art-1c39cf7b3f2e43d2b524a36ea727f78e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-163X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:30:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Minerals |
| spelling | doaj.art-1c39cf7b3f2e43d2b524a36ea727f78e2023-12-22T14:26:38ZengMDPI AGMinerals2075-163X2023-12-011312151510.3390/min13121515Effects of Sodium Nanoalginate and Lime on Swelling Properties of Expansive SoilsFatemeh Mousavi0Ehsan Abdi1Abbas Taheri2Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, IranDepartment of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, IranThe Robert M. Buchan Department of Mining, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, CanadaThe findings revealed that the addition of nanoalginate and lime had distinct effects on various soil properties. Specifically, the liquid limit (LL) and plastic limit (PL) decreased when sodium nanoalginate and lime were added, while the plasticity index (PI) and shrinkage limit (SL) increased. Furthermore, the soil classification was altered when sodium alginate and lime were introduced to the control soil. Regarding the standard Proctor test, it was observed that adding sodium nanoalginate increased the maximum dry density and reduced the optimal moisture content, whereas lime had the opposite effect by decreasing the maximum dry density and increasing the optimal moisture content. The free swelling and swelling pressure tests indicated that the incorporation of sodium nanoalginate and lime reduced both free swelling and swelling pressure. The most significant reduction was observed in the sample containing 7% sodium nanoalginate and 5% lime. Additionally, the study highlighted the influence of processing time, showing that an increase in the curing time led to a decrease in free swelling and swelling pressure in samples mixed with 3% sodium nanoalginate and lime. The XRD test showed that adding sodium nanoalginate reduced primary minerals, forming SAH, while lime reduced quartz and calcite, creating CSH. Overall, the results suggest that sodium nanoalginate can be a more environmentally friendly alternative to lime for soil stabilization projects.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/12/1515free swellingswelling pressureXRDsoil classification |
| spellingShingle | Fatemeh Mousavi Ehsan Abdi Abbas Taheri Effects of Sodium Nanoalginate and Lime on Swelling Properties of Expansive Soils Minerals free swelling swelling pressure XRD soil classification |
| title | Effects of Sodium Nanoalginate and Lime on Swelling Properties of Expansive Soils |
| title_full | Effects of Sodium Nanoalginate and Lime on Swelling Properties of Expansive Soils |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Sodium Nanoalginate and Lime on Swelling Properties of Expansive Soils |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Sodium Nanoalginate and Lime on Swelling Properties of Expansive Soils |
| title_short | Effects of Sodium Nanoalginate and Lime on Swelling Properties of Expansive Soils |
| title_sort | effects of sodium nanoalginate and lime on swelling properties of expansive soils |
| topic | free swelling swelling pressure XRD soil classification |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/12/1515 |
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