Evaluation of Environmental Impact on Selected Properties of Lime (<i>Tilia Cordata</i> Mill.) Wood
The external and internal factors in the tree development process affect wooden structures and properties. They depend on, for example, a plant species, its age, part and growth conditions. The present study investigated the chemical structure and physical properties of the common urban tree species...
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/7/746 |
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| author | Władysław Kusiak Jerzy Majka Izabela Ratajczak Marta Górska Magdalena Zborowska |
| author_facet | Władysław Kusiak Jerzy Majka Izabela Ratajczak Marta Górska Magdalena Zborowska |
| author_sort | Władysław Kusiak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The external and internal factors in the tree development process affect wooden structures and properties. They depend on, for example, a plant species, its age, part and growth conditions. The present study investigated the chemical structure and physical properties of the common urban tree species: small-leaved lime (<i>Tilia cordata</i> Mill.). The properties of trees growing in an urban agglomeration, by a roadside and in a forest, i.e., areas varying in degrees of an environmental stress impact, were compared. Tree-ring width and density, selected hygroscopic properties (sorption hysteresis and isotherms), wood chemical content (percentage content of: holocellulose, cellulose, pentosanes, lignin and substances soluble in 1% NaOH and EtOH) as well as the content of selected chemical elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, K, Na, Mg and Ca) were studied. The analysis of the case shows no impact of the environmental stress on the growth patterns characterized by ring width index (RWI). Two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed impact significance of growth environment and cambial age on the content of each of the investigated components and chemical elements. There was a relationship demonstrated that for a tree growing in an agglomeration with the highest environmental stress the content of cellulose and lignin was the lowest, whereas the content of substances soluble in NaOH and EtOH was the highest. For mature wood growing under the same conditions, the results corresponded to the highest Zn, Cu, K, Na, Mg and Ca content. It was also shown that the environmental stress affected hygroscopicity which was the consequence of chemical component percentage content. The research proved that <i>Tilia cordata</i> Mill. responded to environmental stress with alternations in its chemical or/and physical properties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:35:17Z |
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| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:35:17Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-1c453361c94845d1a8fd0784fff8c3012023-11-20T06:16:52ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072020-07-0111774610.3390/f11070746Evaluation of Environmental Impact on Selected Properties of Lime (<i>Tilia Cordata</i> Mill.) WoodWładysław Kusiak0Jerzy Majka1Izabela Ratajczak2Marta Górska3Magdalena Zborowska4Department of Wood Science and Thermal Technics, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38/42, 60-637 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Wood Science and Thermal Technics, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38/42, 60-637 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Wood Science and Thermal Technics, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38/42, 60-637 Poznań, PolandInstitute of Chemical Wood Technology, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38/42, 60-637 Poznań, PolandThe external and internal factors in the tree development process affect wooden structures and properties. They depend on, for example, a plant species, its age, part and growth conditions. The present study investigated the chemical structure and physical properties of the common urban tree species: small-leaved lime (<i>Tilia cordata</i> Mill.). The properties of trees growing in an urban agglomeration, by a roadside and in a forest, i.e., areas varying in degrees of an environmental stress impact, were compared. Tree-ring width and density, selected hygroscopic properties (sorption hysteresis and isotherms), wood chemical content (percentage content of: holocellulose, cellulose, pentosanes, lignin and substances soluble in 1% NaOH and EtOH) as well as the content of selected chemical elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, K, Na, Mg and Ca) were studied. The analysis of the case shows no impact of the environmental stress on the growth patterns characterized by ring width index (RWI). Two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed impact significance of growth environment and cambial age on the content of each of the investigated components and chemical elements. There was a relationship demonstrated that for a tree growing in an agglomeration with the highest environmental stress the content of cellulose and lignin was the lowest, whereas the content of substances soluble in NaOH and EtOH was the highest. For mature wood growing under the same conditions, the results corresponded to the highest Zn, Cu, K, Na, Mg and Ca content. It was also shown that the environmental stress affected hygroscopicity which was the consequence of chemical component percentage content. The research proved that <i>Tilia cordata</i> Mill. responded to environmental stress with alternations in its chemical or/and physical properties.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/7/746chemical compositionchemical elementsdynamic vapour sorptionsorption hysteresiscambial agejuvenile wood |
| spellingShingle | Władysław Kusiak Jerzy Majka Izabela Ratajczak Marta Górska Magdalena Zborowska Evaluation of Environmental Impact on Selected Properties of Lime (<i>Tilia Cordata</i> Mill.) Wood Forests chemical composition chemical elements dynamic vapour sorption sorption hysteresis cambial age juvenile wood |
| title | Evaluation of Environmental Impact on Selected Properties of Lime (<i>Tilia Cordata</i> Mill.) Wood |
| title_full | Evaluation of Environmental Impact on Selected Properties of Lime (<i>Tilia Cordata</i> Mill.) Wood |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Environmental Impact on Selected Properties of Lime (<i>Tilia Cordata</i> Mill.) Wood |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Environmental Impact on Selected Properties of Lime (<i>Tilia Cordata</i> Mill.) Wood |
| title_short | Evaluation of Environmental Impact on Selected Properties of Lime (<i>Tilia Cordata</i> Mill.) Wood |
| title_sort | evaluation of environmental impact on selected properties of lime i tilia cordata i mill wood |
| topic | chemical composition chemical elements dynamic vapour sorption sorption hysteresis cambial age juvenile wood |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/7/746 |
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