Sensitivity of <i>Zasmidium citri-griseum</i> to Fenbuconazole and Control of Citrus Greasy Spot in Panama
Citrus greasy spot, caused by <i>Zasmidium citri-griseum</i> ( = <i>Mycosphaerella citri</i>) is the most prevalent fungal disease of citrus in Panama, causing premature defoliation and yield reduction. Fungicide applications are generally needed for the control of greasy spo...
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/10/1577 |
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| author | Vidal Aguilera-Cogley Antonio Vicent |
| author_facet | Vidal Aguilera-Cogley Antonio Vicent |
| author_sort | Vidal Aguilera-Cogley |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Citrus greasy spot, caused by <i>Zasmidium citri-griseum</i> ( = <i>Mycosphaerella citri</i>) is the most prevalent fungal disease of citrus in Panama, causing premature defoliation and yield reduction. Fungicide applications are generally needed for the control of greasy spot. In this study, the sensitivity to fenbuconazole of 34 isolates of <i>Z. citri-griseum</i> from Panama was determined by calculating the effective concentration needed to reduce mycelial growth by 50% (EC<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>50</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>). Two field trials were conducted from 2011 to 2013, to evaluate the efficacy of fenbuconazole to reduce disease severity and yield loss. The EC<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>50</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> values for fenbuconazole ranged from 0.09 to 7.62 <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>g mL<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, with a mean EC<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>50</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> value of 2.66 ± 0.36 SE <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>g mL<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> for mycelial growth. These data can be used for monitoring sensitivity shifts in <i>Z. citri-griseum</i> to fenbuconazole and reduce risk of fungicide resistance in Panama. In the field trials, sprays with fenbuconazole significantly reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) the severity of greasy spot on leaves compared with the non-treated control. Greater disease control was obtained when three sprays of fenbuconazole were applied instead of one. Nevertheless, no significant differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05) were detected in yield. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:35:13Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:35:13Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-1c48549071804972a5ad260a69965cc22023-11-20T17:16:55ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952020-10-011010157710.3390/agronomy10101577Sensitivity of <i>Zasmidium citri-griseum</i> to Fenbuconazole and Control of Citrus Greasy Spot in PanamaVidal Aguilera-Cogley0Antonio Vicent1Grupo de Investigación de Protección Vegetal, Centro de Investigación Agropecuaria Divisa, Instituto de Investigación Agropecuaria de Panamá (IDIAP), Herrera 0619, PanamaCentre de Protecció Vegetal i Biotecnologia, Institut Valencià d’Investigacions Agràries (IVIA), 46113 Moncada, Valencia, SpainCitrus greasy spot, caused by <i>Zasmidium citri-griseum</i> ( = <i>Mycosphaerella citri</i>) is the most prevalent fungal disease of citrus in Panama, causing premature defoliation and yield reduction. Fungicide applications are generally needed for the control of greasy spot. In this study, the sensitivity to fenbuconazole of 34 isolates of <i>Z. citri-griseum</i> from Panama was determined by calculating the effective concentration needed to reduce mycelial growth by 50% (EC<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>50</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>). Two field trials were conducted from 2011 to 2013, to evaluate the efficacy of fenbuconazole to reduce disease severity and yield loss. The EC<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>50</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> values for fenbuconazole ranged from 0.09 to 7.62 <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>g mL<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, with a mean EC<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>50</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> value of 2.66 ± 0.36 SE <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>g mL<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> for mycelial growth. These data can be used for monitoring sensitivity shifts in <i>Z. citri-griseum</i> to fenbuconazole and reduce risk of fungicide resistance in Panama. In the field trials, sprays with fenbuconazole significantly reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) the severity of greasy spot on leaves compared with the non-treated control. Greater disease control was obtained when three sprays of fenbuconazole were applied instead of one. Nevertheless, no significant differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05) were detected in yield.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/10/1577Central Americadisease managementfungicide<i>Mycosphaerella citri</i> |
| spellingShingle | Vidal Aguilera-Cogley Antonio Vicent Sensitivity of <i>Zasmidium citri-griseum</i> to Fenbuconazole and Control of Citrus Greasy Spot in Panama Agronomy Central America disease management fungicide <i>Mycosphaerella citri</i> |
| title | Sensitivity of <i>Zasmidium citri-griseum</i> to Fenbuconazole and Control of Citrus Greasy Spot in Panama |
| title_full | Sensitivity of <i>Zasmidium citri-griseum</i> to Fenbuconazole and Control of Citrus Greasy Spot in Panama |
| title_fullStr | Sensitivity of <i>Zasmidium citri-griseum</i> to Fenbuconazole and Control of Citrus Greasy Spot in Panama |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sensitivity of <i>Zasmidium citri-griseum</i> to Fenbuconazole and Control of Citrus Greasy Spot in Panama |
| title_short | Sensitivity of <i>Zasmidium citri-griseum</i> to Fenbuconazole and Control of Citrus Greasy Spot in Panama |
| title_sort | sensitivity of i zasmidium citri griseum i to fenbuconazole and control of citrus greasy spot in panama |
| topic | Central America disease management fungicide <i>Mycosphaerella citri</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/10/1577 |
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