A Comprehensive Phytochemical Analysis of Terpenes, Polyphenols and Cannabinoids, and Micromorphological Characterization of 9 Commercial Varieties of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.
New hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) strains developed by crossbreeding selected varieties represent a novel research topic worthy of attention and investigation. This study focused on the phytochemical characterization of nine hemp commercial cultivars. Hydrodistillation was performed i...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/7/891 |
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| author | Eugenia Mazzara Jacopo Torresi Gelsomina Fico Alessio Papini Nicola Kulbaka Stefano Dall’Acqua Stefania Sut Stefania Garzoli Ahmed M. Mustafa Loredana Cappellacci Dennis Fiorini Filippo Maggi Claudia Giuliani Riccardo Petrelli |
| author_facet | Eugenia Mazzara Jacopo Torresi Gelsomina Fico Alessio Papini Nicola Kulbaka Stefano Dall’Acqua Stefania Sut Stefania Garzoli Ahmed M. Mustafa Loredana Cappellacci Dennis Fiorini Filippo Maggi Claudia Giuliani Riccardo Petrelli |
| author_sort | Eugenia Mazzara |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | New hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) strains developed by crossbreeding selected varieties represent a novel research topic worthy of attention and investigation. This study focused on the phytochemical characterization of nine hemp commercial cultivars. Hydrodistillation was performed in order to collect the essential oils (EO), and also the residual water and deterpenated biomass. The volatile fraction was analyzed by GC-FID, GC-MS, and SPME-GC-MS, revealing three main chemotypes. The polyphenolic profile was studied in the residual water and deterpenated biomass by spectrophotometric assays, and HPLC-DAD-MS<sup>n</sup> and <sup>1</sup>H-NMR analyses. The latter were employed for quali–quantitative determination of cannabinoids in the deterpenated material in comparison with the one not subjected to hydrodistillation. In addition, the glandular and non-glandular indumentum of the nine commercial varieties was studied by means of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy in the attempt to find a possible correlation with the phytochemical and morphological traits. The EO and residual water were found to be rich in monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and flavonol glycosides, respectively, while the deterpenated material was found to be a source of neutral cannabinoids. The micromorphological survey allowed us to partly associate the phytochemistry of these varieties with the hair morphotypes. This research sheds light on the valorization of different products from the hydrodistillation of hemp varieties, namely, essential oil, residual water, and deterpenated biomass, which proved to be worthy of exploitation in industrial and health applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:31:14Z |
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| id | doaj.art-1c50ca1e6950485e9ca77ccdfeac55de |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:31:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-1c50ca1e6950485e9ca77ccdfeac55de2023-11-30T23:50:27ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-03-0111789110.3390/plants11070891A Comprehensive Phytochemical Analysis of Terpenes, Polyphenols and Cannabinoids, and Micromorphological Characterization of 9 Commercial Varieties of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.Eugenia Mazzara0Jacopo Torresi1Gelsomina Fico2Alessio Papini3Nicola Kulbaka4Stefano Dall’Acqua5Stefania Sut6Stefania Garzoli7Ahmed M. Mustafa8Loredana Cappellacci9Dennis Fiorini10Filippo Maggi11Claudia Giuliani12Riccardo Petrelli13Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, ItalyChemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, ItalyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, ItalySocietà Agricola Everweed Di G.Di Vietri & C. SS, Frazione Conti 2, 63857 Amandola, ItalyNatural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, ItalyNatural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, ItalyDepartment of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, ItalyChemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, ItalyChemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, ItalyChemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP), School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, ItalyChemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, ItalyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, ItalyChemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, ItalyNew hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) strains developed by crossbreeding selected varieties represent a novel research topic worthy of attention and investigation. This study focused on the phytochemical characterization of nine hemp commercial cultivars. Hydrodistillation was performed in order to collect the essential oils (EO), and also the residual water and deterpenated biomass. The volatile fraction was analyzed by GC-FID, GC-MS, and SPME-GC-MS, revealing three main chemotypes. The polyphenolic profile was studied in the residual water and deterpenated biomass by spectrophotometric assays, and HPLC-DAD-MS<sup>n</sup> and <sup>1</sup>H-NMR analyses. The latter were employed for quali–quantitative determination of cannabinoids in the deterpenated material in comparison with the one not subjected to hydrodistillation. In addition, the glandular and non-glandular indumentum of the nine commercial varieties was studied by means of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy in the attempt to find a possible correlation with the phytochemical and morphological traits. The EO and residual water were found to be rich in monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and flavonol glycosides, respectively, while the deterpenated material was found to be a source of neutral cannabinoids. The micromorphological survey allowed us to partly associate the phytochemistry of these varieties with the hair morphotypes. This research sheds light on the valorization of different products from the hydrodistillation of hemp varieties, namely, essential oil, residual water, and deterpenated biomass, which proved to be worthy of exploitation in industrial and health applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/7/891<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.chemovarssecondary metabolitestrichomesresidual by-products |
| spellingShingle | Eugenia Mazzara Jacopo Torresi Gelsomina Fico Alessio Papini Nicola Kulbaka Stefano Dall’Acqua Stefania Sut Stefania Garzoli Ahmed M. Mustafa Loredana Cappellacci Dennis Fiorini Filippo Maggi Claudia Giuliani Riccardo Petrelli A Comprehensive Phytochemical Analysis of Terpenes, Polyphenols and Cannabinoids, and Micromorphological Characterization of 9 Commercial Varieties of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. Plants <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. chemovars secondary metabolites trichomes residual by-products |
| title | A Comprehensive Phytochemical Analysis of Terpenes, Polyphenols and Cannabinoids, and Micromorphological Characterization of 9 Commercial Varieties of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. |
| title_full | A Comprehensive Phytochemical Analysis of Terpenes, Polyphenols and Cannabinoids, and Micromorphological Characterization of 9 Commercial Varieties of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. |
| title_fullStr | A Comprehensive Phytochemical Analysis of Terpenes, Polyphenols and Cannabinoids, and Micromorphological Characterization of 9 Commercial Varieties of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Comprehensive Phytochemical Analysis of Terpenes, Polyphenols and Cannabinoids, and Micromorphological Characterization of 9 Commercial Varieties of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. |
| title_short | A Comprehensive Phytochemical Analysis of Terpenes, Polyphenols and Cannabinoids, and Micromorphological Characterization of 9 Commercial Varieties of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. |
| title_sort | comprehensive phytochemical analysis of terpenes polyphenols and cannabinoids and micromorphological characterization of 9 commercial varieties of i cannabis sativa i l |
| topic | <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. chemovars secondary metabolites trichomes residual by-products |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/7/891 |
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