Comparison Evaluation of the Biological Effects of Sterigmatocystin and Aflatoxin B1 Utilizing SOS-Chromotest and a Novel Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) Embryo Microinjection Method
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent mycotoxin and natural carcinogen. The primary producers of AFB1 are <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>A. parasiticus.</i> Sterigmatocystin (STC), another mycotoxin, shares its biosynthetic pathway with aflatoxins. While there are abundant data o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/4/252 |
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| author | Zsolt Csenki Anita Risa Dorottya Sárkány Edina Garai Ildikó Bata-Vidács Erzsébet Baka András Szekeres Mónika Varga András Ács Jeffrey Griffitts Katalin Bakos Illés Bock István Szabó Balázs Kriszt Béla Urbányi József Kukolya |
| author_facet | Zsolt Csenki Anita Risa Dorottya Sárkány Edina Garai Ildikó Bata-Vidács Erzsébet Baka András Szekeres Mónika Varga András Ács Jeffrey Griffitts Katalin Bakos Illés Bock István Szabó Balázs Kriszt Béla Urbányi József Kukolya |
| author_sort | Zsolt Csenki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent mycotoxin and natural carcinogen. The primary producers of AFB1 are <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>A. parasiticus.</i> Sterigmatocystin (STC), another mycotoxin, shares its biosynthetic pathway with aflatoxins. While there are abundant data on the biological effects of AFB1, STC is not well characterised. According to published data, AFB1 is more harmful to biological systems than STC. It has been suggested that STC is about one-tenth as potent a mutagen as AFB1 as measured by the Ames test. In this research, the biological effects of S9 rat liver homogenate-activated and non-activated STC and AFB1 were compared using two different biomonitoring systems, SOS-Chromotest and a recently developed microinjection zebrafish embryo method. When comparing the treatments, activated STC caused the highest mortality and number of DNA strand breaks across all injected volumes. Based on the <i>E. coli</i> SOS-Chromotest, the two toxins exerted the same genotoxicities. Moreover, according to the newly developed zebrafish microinjection method, STC appeared more toxic than AFB1. The scarce information correlating AFB1 and STC toxicity suggests that AFB1 is a more potent genotoxin than STC. Our findings contradict this assumption and illustrate the need for more complex biomonitoring systems for mycotoxin risk assessment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:54:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1c5421c695b74185b30ca9992778319f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:54:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-1c5421c695b74185b30ca9992778319f2023-11-30T22:01:04ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512022-03-0114425210.3390/toxins14040252Comparison Evaluation of the Biological Effects of Sterigmatocystin and Aflatoxin B1 Utilizing SOS-Chromotest and a Novel Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) Embryo Microinjection MethodZsolt Csenki0Anita Risa1Dorottya Sárkány2Edina Garai3Ildikó Bata-Vidács4Erzsébet Baka5András Szekeres6Mónika Varga7András Ács8Jeffrey Griffitts9Katalin Bakos10Illés Bock11István Szabó12Balázs Kriszt13Béla Urbányi14József Kukolya15Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, HungaryDepartment of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, HungaryResearch Group for Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences,1022 Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, HungaryResearch Group for Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences,1022 Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Ecotoxicology, Agro-Environmental Research Centre, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Science, 1022 Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Freshwater Fish Ecology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, HungaryDepartment of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, HungaryDepartment of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, HungaryDepartment of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, HungaryDepartment of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, HungaryDepartment of Environmental Safety, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, HungaryDepartment of Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, HungaryResearch Group for Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences,1022 Budapest, HungaryAflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent mycotoxin and natural carcinogen. The primary producers of AFB1 are <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>A. parasiticus.</i> Sterigmatocystin (STC), another mycotoxin, shares its biosynthetic pathway with aflatoxins. While there are abundant data on the biological effects of AFB1, STC is not well characterised. According to published data, AFB1 is more harmful to biological systems than STC. It has been suggested that STC is about one-tenth as potent a mutagen as AFB1 as measured by the Ames test. In this research, the biological effects of S9 rat liver homogenate-activated and non-activated STC and AFB1 were compared using two different biomonitoring systems, SOS-Chromotest and a recently developed microinjection zebrafish embryo method. When comparing the treatments, activated STC caused the highest mortality and number of DNA strand breaks across all injected volumes. Based on the <i>E. coli</i> SOS-Chromotest, the two toxins exerted the same genotoxicities. Moreover, according to the newly developed zebrafish microinjection method, STC appeared more toxic than AFB1. The scarce information correlating AFB1 and STC toxicity suggests that AFB1 is a more potent genotoxin than STC. Our findings contradict this assumption and illustrate the need for more complex biomonitoring systems for mycotoxin risk assessment.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/4/252mycotoxinteratogenicityMAS activation |
| spellingShingle | Zsolt Csenki Anita Risa Dorottya Sárkány Edina Garai Ildikó Bata-Vidács Erzsébet Baka András Szekeres Mónika Varga András Ács Jeffrey Griffitts Katalin Bakos Illés Bock István Szabó Balázs Kriszt Béla Urbányi József Kukolya Comparison Evaluation of the Biological Effects of Sterigmatocystin and Aflatoxin B1 Utilizing SOS-Chromotest and a Novel Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) Embryo Microinjection Method Toxins mycotoxin teratogenicity MAS activation |
| title | Comparison Evaluation of the Biological Effects of Sterigmatocystin and Aflatoxin B1 Utilizing SOS-Chromotest and a Novel Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) Embryo Microinjection Method |
| title_full | Comparison Evaluation of the Biological Effects of Sterigmatocystin and Aflatoxin B1 Utilizing SOS-Chromotest and a Novel Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) Embryo Microinjection Method |
| title_fullStr | Comparison Evaluation of the Biological Effects of Sterigmatocystin and Aflatoxin B1 Utilizing SOS-Chromotest and a Novel Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) Embryo Microinjection Method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison Evaluation of the Biological Effects of Sterigmatocystin and Aflatoxin B1 Utilizing SOS-Chromotest and a Novel Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) Embryo Microinjection Method |
| title_short | Comparison Evaluation of the Biological Effects of Sterigmatocystin and Aflatoxin B1 Utilizing SOS-Chromotest and a Novel Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) Embryo Microinjection Method |
| title_sort | comparison evaluation of the biological effects of sterigmatocystin and aflatoxin b1 utilizing sos chromotest and a novel zebrafish i danio rerio i embryo microinjection method |
| topic | mycotoxin teratogenicity MAS activation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/4/252 |
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