Biomarkers Correlate With Body Composition and Performance Changes Throughout the Season in Women's Division I Collegiate Soccer Players
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a competitive soccer season on biomarkers and performance metrics in order to determine the correlation between changes in biomarkers, body composition, and performance outcomes. Twenty-one Division 1 female collegiate soccer players were moni...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Sports and Active Living |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fspor.2020.00074/full |
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| author | Bridget A. McFadden Bridget A. McFadden Alan J. Walker Alan J. Walker Michelle A. Arent Michelle A. Arent Brittany N. Bozzini Brittany N. Bozzini David J. Sanders Harry P. Cintineo Harry P. Cintineo Marissa L. Bello Shawn M. Arent Shawn M. Arent |
| author_facet | Bridget A. McFadden Bridget A. McFadden Alan J. Walker Alan J. Walker Michelle A. Arent Michelle A. Arent Brittany N. Bozzini Brittany N. Bozzini David J. Sanders Harry P. Cintineo Harry P. Cintineo Marissa L. Bello Shawn M. Arent Shawn M. Arent |
| author_sort | Bridget A. McFadden |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a competitive soccer season on biomarkers and performance metrics in order to determine the correlation between changes in biomarkers, body composition, and performance outcomes. Twenty-one Division 1 female collegiate soccer players were monitored throughout the 16-week season. Player workload was measured using heart rate and Global Position Satellite systems at all practices and games. Performance testing, including vertical jump, VO2max, and 3-repetition maximum testing for bench press, squat and deadlift, occurred prior to pre-season and immediately post-season. Blood draws occurred prior to preseason and every 4-weeks thereafter, following a game. Body composition was assessed prior to the start of season (week 0) and weeks 6, 10, 14, and 17 (post-season). Delta area under the curve was calculated for biomarkers and body composition variables to account for seasonal changes adjusted for baseline. Pearson-product moment correlations were used to assess relationships with significance set at p < 0.05. Trends were considered p ≤ 0.10. No significant time main effects were seen for anabolic biomarkers (p > 0.05). Significant time effects were seen for catabolic biomarkers throughout the season (p = 0.001). No changes in body weight, VO2max, vertical jump, and deadlift occurred. Squat and bench press improved (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively) with a decline in percent body fat (p = 0.03) and a trend for increased fat free mass (p = 0.09). Additionally, total cortisol (TCORT) negatively correlated with fat free mass (r = −0.48; p = 0.03) and positively correlated with VO2max (r = 0.47; p = 0.04). A trend was shown for a positive correlation between both TCORT and free cortisol (FCORT) and percent body fat (r = 0.39; r = 0.40; p = 0.08, respectively). IGF-1 and growth hormone positively correlated to deadlift (r = 0.57; P = 0.02 and r = 0.59; p = 0.03), whereas creatine kinase showed a trend for a positive correlation with deadlift (r = 0.49; p = 0.06). IL-6 negatively correlated with bench press (r = −0.53; p = 0.03). These findings support a relationship between biomarkers, performance outcomes, and body composition. Biomarker monitoring may be useful to detect individual player's physiological response to an athletic season and may help provide insights in efforts to optimize performance outcomes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T13:53:47Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2624-9367 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T13:53:47Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Sports and Active Living |
| spelling | doaj.art-1c5615461f664d73a3c89024e5a8d02c2022-12-21T18:23:36ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Sports and Active Living2624-93672020-07-01210.3389/fspor.2020.00074530632Biomarkers Correlate With Body Composition and Performance Changes Throughout the Season in Women's Division I Collegiate Soccer PlayersBridget A. McFadden0Bridget A. McFadden1Alan J. Walker2Alan J. Walker3Michelle A. Arent4Michelle A. Arent5Brittany N. Bozzini6Brittany N. Bozzini7David J. Sanders8Harry P. Cintineo9Harry P. Cintineo10Marissa L. Bello11Shawn M. Arent12Shawn M. Arent13Department of Exercise Science, The University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United StatesIFNH Center for Health and Human Performance, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United StatesIFNH Center for Health and Human Performance, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United StatesDepartment of Exercise Science, Lebanon Valley College, Annville, PA, United StatesIFNH Center for Health and Human Performance, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United StatesDepartment of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, The University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United StatesDepartment of Exercise Science, The University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United StatesIFNH Center for Health and Human Performance, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United StatesIFNH Center for Health and Human Performance, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United StatesDepartment of Exercise Science, The University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United StatesIFNH Center for Health and Human Performance, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United StatesIFNH Center for Health and Human Performance, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United StatesDepartment of Exercise Science, The University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United StatesIFNH Center for Health and Human Performance, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United StatesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a competitive soccer season on biomarkers and performance metrics in order to determine the correlation between changes in biomarkers, body composition, and performance outcomes. Twenty-one Division 1 female collegiate soccer players were monitored throughout the 16-week season. Player workload was measured using heart rate and Global Position Satellite systems at all practices and games. Performance testing, including vertical jump, VO2max, and 3-repetition maximum testing for bench press, squat and deadlift, occurred prior to pre-season and immediately post-season. Blood draws occurred prior to preseason and every 4-weeks thereafter, following a game. Body composition was assessed prior to the start of season (week 0) and weeks 6, 10, 14, and 17 (post-season). Delta area under the curve was calculated for biomarkers and body composition variables to account for seasonal changes adjusted for baseline. Pearson-product moment correlations were used to assess relationships with significance set at p < 0.05. Trends were considered p ≤ 0.10. No significant time main effects were seen for anabolic biomarkers (p > 0.05). Significant time effects were seen for catabolic biomarkers throughout the season (p = 0.001). No changes in body weight, VO2max, vertical jump, and deadlift occurred. Squat and bench press improved (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively) with a decline in percent body fat (p = 0.03) and a trend for increased fat free mass (p = 0.09). Additionally, total cortisol (TCORT) negatively correlated with fat free mass (r = −0.48; p = 0.03) and positively correlated with VO2max (r = 0.47; p = 0.04). A trend was shown for a positive correlation between both TCORT and free cortisol (FCORT) and percent body fat (r = 0.39; r = 0.40; p = 0.08, respectively). IGF-1 and growth hormone positively correlated to deadlift (r = 0.57; P = 0.02 and r = 0.59; p = 0.03), whereas creatine kinase showed a trend for a positive correlation with deadlift (r = 0.49; p = 0.06). IL-6 negatively correlated with bench press (r = −0.53; p = 0.03). These findings support a relationship between biomarkers, performance outcomes, and body composition. Biomarker monitoring may be useful to detect individual player's physiological response to an athletic season and may help provide insights in efforts to optimize performance outcomes.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fspor.2020.00074/fullcatabolicanabolicathlete-monitoringfemale athleteperformance testing |
| spellingShingle | Bridget A. McFadden Bridget A. McFadden Alan J. Walker Alan J. Walker Michelle A. Arent Michelle A. Arent Brittany N. Bozzini Brittany N. Bozzini David J. Sanders Harry P. Cintineo Harry P. Cintineo Marissa L. Bello Shawn M. Arent Shawn M. Arent Biomarkers Correlate With Body Composition and Performance Changes Throughout the Season in Women's Division I Collegiate Soccer Players Frontiers in Sports and Active Living catabolic anabolic athlete-monitoring female athlete performance testing |
| title | Biomarkers Correlate With Body Composition and Performance Changes Throughout the Season in Women's Division I Collegiate Soccer Players |
| title_full | Biomarkers Correlate With Body Composition and Performance Changes Throughout the Season in Women's Division I Collegiate Soccer Players |
| title_fullStr | Biomarkers Correlate With Body Composition and Performance Changes Throughout the Season in Women's Division I Collegiate Soccer Players |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biomarkers Correlate With Body Composition and Performance Changes Throughout the Season in Women's Division I Collegiate Soccer Players |
| title_short | Biomarkers Correlate With Body Composition and Performance Changes Throughout the Season in Women's Division I Collegiate Soccer Players |
| title_sort | biomarkers correlate with body composition and performance changes throughout the season in women s division i collegiate soccer players |
| topic | catabolic anabolic athlete-monitoring female athlete performance testing |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fspor.2020.00074/full |
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