Targeted Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Old and New Opportunities
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primitive cancer of the liver, accounting for 90% of all recorded cases. HCC is the third most common cause of cancer-related death, with a 5-year survival rate of just 3%. In the advanced stages, systemic treatments allow doctors to obtain clinica...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/16/4028 |
| _version_ | 1797432345817513984 |
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| author | Carmelo Laface Palma Fedele Felicia Maria Maselli Francesca Ambrogio Caterina Foti Pasquale Molinari Michele Ammendola Marco Lioce Girolamo Ranieri |
| author_facet | Carmelo Laface Palma Fedele Felicia Maria Maselli Francesca Ambrogio Caterina Foti Pasquale Molinari Michele Ammendola Marco Lioce Girolamo Ranieri |
| author_sort | Carmelo Laface |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primitive cancer of the liver, accounting for 90% of all recorded cases. HCC is the third most common cause of cancer-related death, with a 5-year survival rate of just 3%. In the advanced stages, systemic treatments allow doctors to obtain clinical benefits, although the prognosis remains very poor. In the past few decades, new molecular targeted therapies against receptor tyrosine kinases have been developed and clinically evaluated. Sorafenib was the first oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) approved for the treatment of advanced HCC in 2007. Subsequently, other TKIs, including Cabozantinib, Regorafenib, Lenvatinib, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors such as Ramucirumab and VEGF inhibitors such as Bevacizumab have been approved as first- or second-line treatments. More recently, the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and VEGF inhibitors (Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab) have been analyzed and approved for the treatment of advanced HCC. On the basis of the poor prognoses and the meager benefits deriving from the available systemic therapies, research into new treatments is extremely necessary. In this review, we focus on the available systemic therapies for advanced HCC, with a look toward the future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:59:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1c5a50cbba8f4bce858f57218901b4ab |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:59:02Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-1c5a50cbba8f4bce858f57218901b4ab2023-12-01T23:32:35ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942022-08-011416402810.3390/cancers14164028Targeted Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Old and New OpportunitiesCarmelo Laface0Palma Fedele1Felicia Maria Maselli2Francesca Ambrogio3Caterina Foti4Pasquale Molinari5Michele Ammendola6Marco Lioce7Girolamo Ranieri8Medical Oncology, Dario Camberlingo Hospital, 72021 Francavilla Fontana, BR, ItalyMedical Oncology, Dario Camberlingo Hospital, 72021 Francavilla Fontana, BR, ItalyMedical Oncology, Dario Camberlingo Hospital, 72021 Francavilla Fontana, BR, ItalySection of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, ItalySection of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, ItalyIRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Health Science, General Surgery, Medicine School of Germaneto, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyIRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, ItalyIRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, ItalyHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primitive cancer of the liver, accounting for 90% of all recorded cases. HCC is the third most common cause of cancer-related death, with a 5-year survival rate of just 3%. In the advanced stages, systemic treatments allow doctors to obtain clinical benefits, although the prognosis remains very poor. In the past few decades, new molecular targeted therapies against receptor tyrosine kinases have been developed and clinically evaluated. Sorafenib was the first oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) approved for the treatment of advanced HCC in 2007. Subsequently, other TKIs, including Cabozantinib, Regorafenib, Lenvatinib, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors such as Ramucirumab and VEGF inhibitors such as Bevacizumab have been approved as first- or second-line treatments. More recently, the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and VEGF inhibitors (Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab) have been analyzed and approved for the treatment of advanced HCC. On the basis of the poor prognoses and the meager benefits deriving from the available systemic therapies, research into new treatments is extremely necessary. In this review, we focus on the available systemic therapies for advanced HCC, with a look toward the future.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/16/4028hepatocellular carcinomacancer therapytargeted therapytyrosine kinase inhibitorsimmunotherapyimmune checkpoint inhibitors |
| spellingShingle | Carmelo Laface Palma Fedele Felicia Maria Maselli Francesca Ambrogio Caterina Foti Pasquale Molinari Michele Ammendola Marco Lioce Girolamo Ranieri Targeted Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Old and New Opportunities Cancers hepatocellular carcinoma cancer therapy targeted therapy tyrosine kinase inhibitors immunotherapy immune checkpoint inhibitors |
| title | Targeted Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Old and New Opportunities |
| title_full | Targeted Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Old and New Opportunities |
| title_fullStr | Targeted Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Old and New Opportunities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Targeted Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Old and New Opportunities |
| title_short | Targeted Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Old and New Opportunities |
| title_sort | targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma old and new opportunities |
| topic | hepatocellular carcinoma cancer therapy targeted therapy tyrosine kinase inhibitors immunotherapy immune checkpoint inhibitors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/16/4028 |
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