Sustainable Production of <i>Ajuga</i> Bioactive Metabolites Using Cell Culture Technologies: A Review
The genus <i>Ajuga</i> (Lamiaceae) is rich in medicinally important species with biological activities ranging from anti-inflammatory, antitumor, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic to antibacterial, antiviral, cytotoxic, and insecticidal effects. Every species contains a unique and comple...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/5/1246 |
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| author | Elena Popova Maria Titova Marat Tynykulov Rano P. Zakirova Irina Kulichenko Olga Prudnikova Alexander Nosov |
| author_facet | Elena Popova Maria Titova Marat Tynykulov Rano P. Zakirova Irina Kulichenko Olga Prudnikova Alexander Nosov |
| author_sort | Elena Popova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The genus <i>Ajuga</i> (Lamiaceae) is rich in medicinally important species with biological activities ranging from anti-inflammatory, antitumor, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic to antibacterial, antiviral, cytotoxic, and insecticidal effects. Every species contains a unique and complex mixture of bioactive metabolites—phytoecdysteroids (PEs), iridoid glycosides, withanolides, neo-clerodane terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, and other chemicals with high therapeutic potential. Phytoecdysteroids, the main compounds of interest, are natural anabolic and adaptogenic agents that are widely used as components of dietary supplements. Wild plants remain the main source of <i>Ajuga</i> bioactive metabolites, particularly PEs, which leads to frequent overexploitation of their natural resources. Cell culture biotechnologies offer a sustainable approach to the production of vegetative biomass and individual phytochemicals specific for <i>Ajuga</i> genus. Cell cultures developed from eight <i>Ajuga</i> taxa were capable of producing PEs, a variety of phenolics and flavonoids, anthocyanins, volatile compounds, phenyletanoid glycosides, iridoids, and fatty acids, and demonstrated antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. The most abundant PEs in the cell cultures was 20-hydroxyecdysone, followed by turkesterone and cyasterone. The PE content in the cell cultures was comparable or higher than in wild or greenhouse plants, in vitro-grown shoots, and root cultures. Elicitation with methyl jasmonate (50–125 µM) or mevalonate and induced mutagenesis were the most effective strategies that stimulated cell culture biosynthetic capacity. This review summarizes the current progress in cell culture application for the production of pharmacologically important <i>Ajuga</i> metabolites, discusses various approaches to improve the compound yield, and highlights the potential directions for future interventions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:14:16Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:14:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-1c6b9b0136ba4b44b093ab5caa29d30a2023-11-17T08:21:40ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432023-03-01155124610.3390/nu15051246Sustainable Production of <i>Ajuga</i> Bioactive Metabolites Using Cell Culture Technologies: A ReviewElena Popova0Maria Titova1Marat Tynykulov2Rano P. Zakirova3Irina Kulichenko4Olga Prudnikova5Alexander Nosov6K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, 127276 Moscow, RussiaK.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, 127276 Moscow, RussiaFaculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Munaytpasov 13, Astana 010000, KazakhstanS.Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, M. Ulugbek 77, Tashkent 100170, UzbekistanK.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, 127276 Moscow, RussiaK.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, 127276 Moscow, RussiaK.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, 127276 Moscow, RussiaThe genus <i>Ajuga</i> (Lamiaceae) is rich in medicinally important species with biological activities ranging from anti-inflammatory, antitumor, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic to antibacterial, antiviral, cytotoxic, and insecticidal effects. Every species contains a unique and complex mixture of bioactive metabolites—phytoecdysteroids (PEs), iridoid glycosides, withanolides, neo-clerodane terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, and other chemicals with high therapeutic potential. Phytoecdysteroids, the main compounds of interest, are natural anabolic and adaptogenic agents that are widely used as components of dietary supplements. Wild plants remain the main source of <i>Ajuga</i> bioactive metabolites, particularly PEs, which leads to frequent overexploitation of their natural resources. Cell culture biotechnologies offer a sustainable approach to the production of vegetative biomass and individual phytochemicals specific for <i>Ajuga</i> genus. Cell cultures developed from eight <i>Ajuga</i> taxa were capable of producing PEs, a variety of phenolics and flavonoids, anthocyanins, volatile compounds, phenyletanoid glycosides, iridoids, and fatty acids, and demonstrated antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. The most abundant PEs in the cell cultures was 20-hydroxyecdysone, followed by turkesterone and cyasterone. The PE content in the cell cultures was comparable or higher than in wild or greenhouse plants, in vitro-grown shoots, and root cultures. Elicitation with methyl jasmonate (50–125 µM) or mevalonate and induced mutagenesis were the most effective strategies that stimulated cell culture biosynthetic capacity. This review summarizes the current progress in cell culture application for the production of pharmacologically important <i>Ajuga</i> metabolites, discusses various approaches to improve the compound yield, and highlights the potential directions for future interventions.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/5/124620-hydroxyecdysoneanthocyaninsbiomass accumulationcalluselicitationiridoids |
| spellingShingle | Elena Popova Maria Titova Marat Tynykulov Rano P. Zakirova Irina Kulichenko Olga Prudnikova Alexander Nosov Sustainable Production of <i>Ajuga</i> Bioactive Metabolites Using Cell Culture Technologies: A Review Nutrients 20-hydroxyecdysone anthocyanins biomass accumulation callus elicitation iridoids |
| title | Sustainable Production of <i>Ajuga</i> Bioactive Metabolites Using Cell Culture Technologies: A Review |
| title_full | Sustainable Production of <i>Ajuga</i> Bioactive Metabolites Using Cell Culture Technologies: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Sustainable Production of <i>Ajuga</i> Bioactive Metabolites Using Cell Culture Technologies: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sustainable Production of <i>Ajuga</i> Bioactive Metabolites Using Cell Culture Technologies: A Review |
| title_short | Sustainable Production of <i>Ajuga</i> Bioactive Metabolites Using Cell Culture Technologies: A Review |
| title_sort | sustainable production of i ajuga i bioactive metabolites using cell culture technologies a review |
| topic | 20-hydroxyecdysone anthocyanins biomass accumulation callus elicitation iridoids |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/5/1246 |
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