Overexpression of the <i>adeB</i> Efflux Pump Gene in Tigecycline-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Clinical Isolates and Its Inhibition by (+)Usnic Acid as an Adjuvant
<i>Acinetobacter</i> species are among the most life-threatening Gram-negative bacilli, causing hospital-acquired infections, and they are associated with high morbidity and mortality. They show multidrug resistance that acts via various mechanisms. In <i>Acinetobacter baumannii<...
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| author | Nagaraju Bankan Fathimunnisa Koka Rajagopalan Vijayaraghavan Sreekanth Reddy Basireddy Selvaraj Jayaraman |
| author_facet | Nagaraju Bankan Fathimunnisa Koka Rajagopalan Vijayaraghavan Sreekanth Reddy Basireddy Selvaraj Jayaraman |
| author_sort | Nagaraju Bankan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Acinetobacter</i> species are among the most life-threatening Gram-negative bacilli, causing hospital-acquired infections, and they are associated with high morbidity and mortality. They show multidrug resistance that acts via various mechanisms. In <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, efflux pump-mediated resistance to many antimicrobial compounds, including tigecycline, has been widely reported. Natural compounds have been used for their various pharmacological properties, including anti-efflux pump activity. The present study aimed to evaluate the efflux pump-mediated resistance mechanism of <i>Acinetobacter</i> <i>baumannii</i> and the effect of (+)Usnic acid as an efflux pump inhibitor with tigecycline. For detecting the efflux pump activity of tigecycline-resistant <i>Acinetobacter</i> <i>baumannii</i> isolates, microbroth dilution method and real-time quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction was used. (+)Usnic acid was added to tigecycline and tested by the checkerboard method to evaluate its efficacy as an efflux pump inhibitor. qRT-PCR analysis was carried out to show the downregulation of the efflux pump in the isolates. Out of 42 tigecycline-resistant <i>Acinetobacter</i> <i>baumannii</i> isolates, 19 showed efflux pump activity. All 19 strains expressed the <i>adeB</i> gene. (+)Usnic acid as an adjuvant showed better efficacy in lowering the minimum inhibitory concentration compared with the conventional efflux pump inhibitor, carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:56:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1c87409590144a629379dfc2ea959bb5 |
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| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:56:49Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-1c87409590144a629379dfc2ea959bb52023-11-22T11:45:18ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822021-08-01109103710.3390/antibiotics10091037Overexpression of the <i>adeB</i> Efflux Pump Gene in Tigecycline-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Clinical Isolates and Its Inhibition by (+)Usnic Acid as an AdjuvantNagaraju Bankan0Fathimunnisa Koka1Rajagopalan Vijayaraghavan2Sreekanth Reddy Basireddy3Selvaraj Jayaraman4Department of Research and Development, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 602105, IndiaDepartment of Research and Development, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 602105, IndiaDepartment of Research and Development, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 602105, IndiaDepartment of Microbiology, A.C.S.R. Government Medical College and Hospital, Nellore 524004, IndiaDepartment of Biochemistry, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600077, India<i>Acinetobacter</i> species are among the most life-threatening Gram-negative bacilli, causing hospital-acquired infections, and they are associated with high morbidity and mortality. They show multidrug resistance that acts via various mechanisms. In <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, efflux pump-mediated resistance to many antimicrobial compounds, including tigecycline, has been widely reported. Natural compounds have been used for their various pharmacological properties, including anti-efflux pump activity. The present study aimed to evaluate the efflux pump-mediated resistance mechanism of <i>Acinetobacter</i> <i>baumannii</i> and the effect of (+)Usnic acid as an efflux pump inhibitor with tigecycline. For detecting the efflux pump activity of tigecycline-resistant <i>Acinetobacter</i> <i>baumannii</i> isolates, microbroth dilution method and real-time quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction was used. (+)Usnic acid was added to tigecycline and tested by the checkerboard method to evaluate its efficacy as an efflux pump inhibitor. qRT-PCR analysis was carried out to show the downregulation of the efflux pump in the isolates. Out of 42 tigecycline-resistant <i>Acinetobacter</i> <i>baumannii</i> isolates, 19 showed efflux pump activity. All 19 strains expressed the <i>adeB</i> gene. (+)Usnic acid as an adjuvant showed better efficacy in lowering the minimum inhibitory concentration compared with the conventional efflux pump inhibitor, carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/9/1037multidrug resistance<i>Acinetobacter</i> <i>baumannii</i>efflux pumps<i>adeB</i>(+)Usnic acid |
| spellingShingle | Nagaraju Bankan Fathimunnisa Koka Rajagopalan Vijayaraghavan Sreekanth Reddy Basireddy Selvaraj Jayaraman Overexpression of the <i>adeB</i> Efflux Pump Gene in Tigecycline-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Clinical Isolates and Its Inhibition by (+)Usnic Acid as an Adjuvant Antibiotics multidrug resistance <i>Acinetobacter</i> <i>baumannii</i> efflux pumps <i>adeB</i> (+)Usnic acid |
| title | Overexpression of the <i>adeB</i> Efflux Pump Gene in Tigecycline-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Clinical Isolates and Its Inhibition by (+)Usnic Acid as an Adjuvant |
| title_full | Overexpression of the <i>adeB</i> Efflux Pump Gene in Tigecycline-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Clinical Isolates and Its Inhibition by (+)Usnic Acid as an Adjuvant |
| title_fullStr | Overexpression of the <i>adeB</i> Efflux Pump Gene in Tigecycline-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Clinical Isolates and Its Inhibition by (+)Usnic Acid as an Adjuvant |
| title_full_unstemmed | Overexpression of the <i>adeB</i> Efflux Pump Gene in Tigecycline-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Clinical Isolates and Its Inhibition by (+)Usnic Acid as an Adjuvant |
| title_short | Overexpression of the <i>adeB</i> Efflux Pump Gene in Tigecycline-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Clinical Isolates and Its Inhibition by (+)Usnic Acid as an Adjuvant |
| title_sort | overexpression of the i adeb i efflux pump gene in tigecycline resistant i acinetobacter baumannii i clinical isolates and its inhibition by usnic acid as an adjuvant |
| topic | multidrug resistance <i>Acinetobacter</i> <i>baumannii</i> efflux pumps <i>adeB</i> (+)Usnic acid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/9/1037 |
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