The effects of drying methods and leucine addition on properties of propolis powder: Towards the development of a new formulation
Propolis, a valuable resin from beehives has many potential health benefits. In this study, we examine the effects of addition of L-Leucine (LL) on the properties of propolis powder produced by spray and freeze drying. Gum Arabic (GA) with LL at different ratios were used as wall materials. Adding L...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Food Chemistry Advances |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X23002708 |
| _version_ | 1797382760078245888 |
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| author | Kashif Maroof Ronald F.S. Lee Lee Fong Siow Bey Hing Goh Ken Fong Chen Siew Hua Gan |
| author_facet | Kashif Maroof Ronald F.S. Lee Lee Fong Siow Bey Hing Goh Ken Fong Chen Siew Hua Gan |
| author_sort | Kashif Maroof |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Propolis, a valuable resin from beehives has many potential health benefits. In this study, we examine the effects of addition of L-Leucine (LL) on the properties of propolis powder produced by spray and freeze drying. Gum Arabic (GA) with LL at different ratios were used as wall materials. Adding LL increases the yield of spray dried (SD) propolis powders, while hygroscopicity, flowability and reconstitution characteristics were affected by both drying method and LL concentration. Freeze dried (FD) powders were more porous as evident by the scanning electron micrographs and showed release of >90 % of compounds within 15 min in both gastric and intestinal media. SD powders were spherical and showed a sustained release of compounds in both media. The best powders were produced with a GA to LL ratio of 8:2 dried by spray drying at 120 °C or 150 °C and by freeze drying. These three optimized formulations showed greater yields (> 50 %), lower hygroscopicity (< 10 %) and moderate antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The formulations remained stable for up to 6 months at ambient temperature, but instability was observed at 40 °C. In conclusion, leucine addition facilitates the formation of SD and FD propolis powders with good properties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:11:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1c89104b136441d3803f91bc16ffd040 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2772-753X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:11:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Food Chemistry Advances |
| spelling | doaj.art-1c89104b136441d3803f91bc16ffd0402023-12-22T05:35:02ZengElsevierFood Chemistry Advances2772-753X2023-12-013100449The effects of drying methods and leucine addition on properties of propolis powder: Towards the development of a new formulationKashif Maroof0Ronald F.S. Lee1Lee Fong Siow2Bey Hing Goh3Ken Fong Chen4Siew Hua Gan5School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; Department of Pharmacy, Iqra University, Karachi, Pakistan; Corresponding author at: School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia.School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, MalaysiaSchool of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, MalaysiaSchool of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; Sunway Biofunctional Molecules Discovery Centre (SBMD), School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Selangor, Malaysia; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, MalaysiaSchool of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, MalaysiaPropolis, a valuable resin from beehives has many potential health benefits. In this study, we examine the effects of addition of L-Leucine (LL) on the properties of propolis powder produced by spray and freeze drying. Gum Arabic (GA) with LL at different ratios were used as wall materials. Adding LL increases the yield of spray dried (SD) propolis powders, while hygroscopicity, flowability and reconstitution characteristics were affected by both drying method and LL concentration. Freeze dried (FD) powders were more porous as evident by the scanning electron micrographs and showed release of >90 % of compounds within 15 min in both gastric and intestinal media. SD powders were spherical and showed a sustained release of compounds in both media. The best powders were produced with a GA to LL ratio of 8:2 dried by spray drying at 120 °C or 150 °C and by freeze drying. These three optimized formulations showed greater yields (> 50 %), lower hygroscopicity (< 10 %) and moderate antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The formulations remained stable for up to 6 months at ambient temperature, but instability was observed at 40 °C. In conclusion, leucine addition facilitates the formation of SD and FD propolis powders with good properties.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X23002708PropolisDryingSpray-dryingFreeze-dryingLeucine |
| spellingShingle | Kashif Maroof Ronald F.S. Lee Lee Fong Siow Bey Hing Goh Ken Fong Chen Siew Hua Gan The effects of drying methods and leucine addition on properties of propolis powder: Towards the development of a new formulation Food Chemistry Advances Propolis Drying Spray-drying Freeze-drying Leucine |
| title | The effects of drying methods and leucine addition on properties of propolis powder: Towards the development of a new formulation |
| title_full | The effects of drying methods and leucine addition on properties of propolis powder: Towards the development of a new formulation |
| title_fullStr | The effects of drying methods and leucine addition on properties of propolis powder: Towards the development of a new formulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effects of drying methods and leucine addition on properties of propolis powder: Towards the development of a new formulation |
| title_short | The effects of drying methods and leucine addition on properties of propolis powder: Towards the development of a new formulation |
| title_sort | effects of drying methods and leucine addition on properties of propolis powder towards the development of a new formulation |
| topic | Propolis Drying Spray-drying Freeze-drying Leucine |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X23002708 |
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