Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase-Mediated Differential Response of Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) Cultivars with Different Stress Tolerance to Treatment with Low-Molecular-Weight Chitosan
The latest research has shown that chitosan acts as a growth stimulator and elicitor in plants, including resistance to biotic and abiotic factors. However, increasing concentrations could possibly make chitosan a source of stress for plants. In this study, we investigated the effect of low-molecula...
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/2/386 |
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| author | Tatiana A. Timofeeva Anastasiya N. Bubnova Balzhima T. Shagdarova Valery P. Varlamov Anastasiya M. Kamionskaya |
| author_facet | Tatiana A. Timofeeva Anastasiya N. Bubnova Balzhima T. Shagdarova Valery P. Varlamov Anastasiya M. Kamionskaya |
| author_sort | Tatiana A. Timofeeva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The latest research has shown that chitosan acts as a growth stimulator and elicitor in plants, including resistance to biotic and abiotic factors. However, increasing concentrations could possibly make chitosan a source of stress for plants. In this study, we investigated the effect of low-molecular-weight chitosan hydrolysate on the root development of tomato (<i>Solanum lycoperscum</i>) cultivars Red Cherry, Lel, and Tytan. The growth rate change, together with total phenolic content, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, and gene expression, were studied in relation to tomatoes. High concentrations of chitosan negatively affect the growth of tomato seedlings and contribute to changes in the tropism of the seedling roots. After the addition of chitosan hydrolysate, the PAL activity and the total phenolic content decreased 24 h later. PAL is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of many plant stress factors. An analysis of the tomato PAL gene family was carried out. The <i>SlPAL</i> gene expression in the seedlings of cv. Cherry increased 1.5 times after 48 h, while in cv. Lel, the expression stably decreased in the presence of chitosan. The obtained results are supposed to aid our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effects of chitosan on plant development and further its successful application in agriculture as well as in research on plant stress. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:45:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1c8fb9e1d2914a26b2dbf831b9cb61f4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:45:14Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-1c8fb9e1d2914a26b2dbf831b9cb61f42024-02-23T15:04:22ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-02-0114238610.3390/agronomy14020386Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase-Mediated Differential Response of Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) Cultivars with Different Stress Tolerance to Treatment with Low-Molecular-Weight ChitosanTatiana A. Timofeeva0Anastasiya N. Bubnova1Balzhima T. Shagdarova2Valery P. Varlamov3Anastasiya M. Kamionskaya4Federal State Institution Federal Research Centre, Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, RussiaFederal State Institution Federal Research Centre, Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, RussiaFederal State Institution Federal Research Centre, Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, RussiaFederal State Institution Federal Research Centre, Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, RussiaFederal State Institution Federal Research Centre, Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, RussiaThe latest research has shown that chitosan acts as a growth stimulator and elicitor in plants, including resistance to biotic and abiotic factors. However, increasing concentrations could possibly make chitosan a source of stress for plants. In this study, we investigated the effect of low-molecular-weight chitosan hydrolysate on the root development of tomato (<i>Solanum lycoperscum</i>) cultivars Red Cherry, Lel, and Tytan. The growth rate change, together with total phenolic content, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, and gene expression, were studied in relation to tomatoes. High concentrations of chitosan negatively affect the growth of tomato seedlings and contribute to changes in the tropism of the seedling roots. After the addition of chitosan hydrolysate, the PAL activity and the total phenolic content decreased 24 h later. PAL is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of many plant stress factors. An analysis of the tomato PAL gene family was carried out. The <i>SlPAL</i> gene expression in the seedlings of cv. Cherry increased 1.5 times after 48 h, while in cv. Lel, the expression stably decreased in the presence of chitosan. The obtained results are supposed to aid our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effects of chitosan on plant development and further its successful application in agriculture as well as in research on plant stress.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/2/386<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>chitosan hydrolysatephenylalanine ammonia-lyase<i>PAL</i> gene family |
| spellingShingle | Tatiana A. Timofeeva Anastasiya N. Bubnova Balzhima T. Shagdarova Valery P. Varlamov Anastasiya M. Kamionskaya Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase-Mediated Differential Response of Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) Cultivars with Different Stress Tolerance to Treatment with Low-Molecular-Weight Chitosan Agronomy <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> chitosan hydrolysate phenylalanine ammonia-lyase <i>PAL</i> gene family |
| title | Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase-Mediated Differential Response of Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) Cultivars with Different Stress Tolerance to Treatment with Low-Molecular-Weight Chitosan |
| title_full | Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase-Mediated Differential Response of Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) Cultivars with Different Stress Tolerance to Treatment with Low-Molecular-Weight Chitosan |
| title_fullStr | Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase-Mediated Differential Response of Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) Cultivars with Different Stress Tolerance to Treatment with Low-Molecular-Weight Chitosan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase-Mediated Differential Response of Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) Cultivars with Different Stress Tolerance to Treatment with Low-Molecular-Weight Chitosan |
| title_short | Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase-Mediated Differential Response of Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) Cultivars with Different Stress Tolerance to Treatment with Low-Molecular-Weight Chitosan |
| title_sort | phenylalanine ammonia lyase mediated differential response of tomato i solanum lycopersicum i l cultivars with different stress tolerance to treatment with low molecular weight chitosan |
| topic | <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> chitosan hydrolysate phenylalanine ammonia-lyase <i>PAL</i> gene family |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/2/386 |
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