A Cytochrome P450 3A4 Biosensor Based on Generation 4.0 PAMAM Dendrimers for the Detection of Caffeine
Cytochromes P450 (CYP, P450) are a large family of heme-active-site proteins involved in many catalytic processes, including steroidogenesis. In humans, four primary enzymes are involved in the metabolism of almost all xenobiotics. Among these enzymes, CYP3A4 is responsible for the inactivation of t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2016-08-01
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| Series: | Biosensors |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/6/3/44 |
| _version_ | 1819059104307478528 |
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| author | Michael Müller Neha Agarwal Jungtae Kim |
| author_facet | Michael Müller Neha Agarwal Jungtae Kim |
| author_sort | Michael Müller |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cytochromes P450 (CYP, P450) are a large family of heme-active-site proteins involved in many catalytic processes, including steroidogenesis. In humans, four primary enzymes are involved in the metabolism of almost all xenobiotics. Among these enzymes, CYP3A4 is responsible for the inactivation of the majority of used drugs which makes this enzyme an interesting target for many fields of research, especially pharmaceutical research. Since the late 1970s, attempts have been made to construct and develop electrochemical sensors for the determination of substrates. This paper is concerned with the establishment of such a CYP3A4-containing biosensor. The sensor was constructed by adsorption of alternating layers of sub-nanometer gold particle-modified PAMAM (poly-amido-amine) dendrimers of generation 4.0, along with the enzyme by a layer-by-layer assembly technique. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to elucidate the sensor assembly. Additionally, the biosensor was tested by cyclic voltammetry using caffeine as a substrate. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T14:05:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1c91672277324c9297541b4cd790ce97 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T14:05:47Z |
| publishDate | 2016-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-1c91672277324c9297541b4cd790ce972022-12-21T19:01:14ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742016-08-01634410.3390/bios6030044bios6030044A Cytochrome P450 3A4 Biosensor Based on Generation 4.0 PAMAM Dendrimers for the Detection of CaffeineMichael Müller0Neha Agarwal1Jungtae Kim2KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Universität d. Saarlandes, Campus Geb. E7.1, Saarbrücken 66123, GermanyKIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Universität d. Saarlandes, Campus Geb. E7.1, Saarbrücken 66123, GermanyKIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Universität d. Saarlandes, Campus Geb. E7.1, Saarbrücken 66123, GermanyCytochromes P450 (CYP, P450) are a large family of heme-active-site proteins involved in many catalytic processes, including steroidogenesis. In humans, four primary enzymes are involved in the metabolism of almost all xenobiotics. Among these enzymes, CYP3A4 is responsible for the inactivation of the majority of used drugs which makes this enzyme an interesting target for many fields of research, especially pharmaceutical research. Since the late 1970s, attempts have been made to construct and develop electrochemical sensors for the determination of substrates. This paper is concerned with the establishment of such a CYP3A4-containing biosensor. The sensor was constructed by adsorption of alternating layers of sub-nanometer gold particle-modified PAMAM (poly-amido-amine) dendrimers of generation 4.0, along with the enzyme by a layer-by-layer assembly technique. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to elucidate the sensor assembly. Additionally, the biosensor was tested by cyclic voltammetry using caffeine as a substrate.http://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/6/3/44biosensorcytochrome P450electrochemistryPAMAM dendrimers |
| spellingShingle | Michael Müller Neha Agarwal Jungtae Kim A Cytochrome P450 3A4 Biosensor Based on Generation 4.0 PAMAM Dendrimers for the Detection of Caffeine Biosensors biosensor cytochrome P450 electrochemistry PAMAM dendrimers |
| title | A Cytochrome P450 3A4 Biosensor Based on Generation 4.0 PAMAM Dendrimers for the Detection of Caffeine |
| title_full | A Cytochrome P450 3A4 Biosensor Based on Generation 4.0 PAMAM Dendrimers for the Detection of Caffeine |
| title_fullStr | A Cytochrome P450 3A4 Biosensor Based on Generation 4.0 PAMAM Dendrimers for the Detection of Caffeine |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Cytochrome P450 3A4 Biosensor Based on Generation 4.0 PAMAM Dendrimers for the Detection of Caffeine |
| title_short | A Cytochrome P450 3A4 Biosensor Based on Generation 4.0 PAMAM Dendrimers for the Detection of Caffeine |
| title_sort | cytochrome p450 3a4 biosensor based on generation 4 0 pamam dendrimers for the detection of caffeine |
| topic | biosensor cytochrome P450 electrochemistry PAMAM dendrimers |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/6/3/44 |
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