Mapping Vineyard Leaf Area Using Mobile Terrestrial Laser Scanners: Should Rows be Scanned On-the-Go or Discontinuously Sampled?
The leaf area index (LAI) is defined as the one-side leaf area per unit ground area, and is probably the most widely used index to characterize grapevine vigor. However, LAI varies spatially within vineyard plots. Mapping and quantifying this variability is very important for improving management de...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2016-01-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/1/119 |
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| author | Ignacio del-Moral-Martínez Joan R. Rosell-Polo Joaquim Company Ricardo Sanz Alexandre Escolà Joan Masip José A. Martínez-Casasnovas Jaume Arnó |
| author_facet | Ignacio del-Moral-Martínez Joan R. Rosell-Polo Joaquim Company Ricardo Sanz Alexandre Escolà Joan Masip José A. Martínez-Casasnovas Jaume Arnó |
| author_sort | Ignacio del-Moral-Martínez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The leaf area index (LAI) is defined as the one-side leaf area per unit ground area, and is probably the most widely used index to characterize grapevine vigor. However, LAI varies spatially within vineyard plots. Mapping and quantifying this variability is very important for improving management decisions and agricultural practices. In this study, a mobile terrestrial laser scanner (MTLS) was used to map the LAI of a vineyard, and then to examine how different scanning methods (on-the-go or discontinuous systematic sampling) may affect the reliability of the resulting raster maps. The use of the MTLS allows calculating the enveloping vegetative area of the canopy, which is the sum of the leaf wall areas for both sides of the row (excluding gaps) and the projected upper area. Obtaining the enveloping areas requires scanning from both sides one meter length section along the row at each systematic sampling point. By converting the enveloping areas into LAI values, a raster map of the latter can be obtained by spatial interpolation (kriging). However, the user can opt for scanning on-the-go in a continuous way and compute 1-m LAI values along the rows, or instead, perform the scanning at discontinuous systematic sampling within the plot. An analysis of correlation between maps indicated that MTLS can be used discontinuously in specific sampling sections separated by up to 15 m along the rows. This capability significantly reduces the amount of data to be acquired at field level, the data storage capacity and the processing power of computers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T03:32:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1c9d7d62f1a74445996383e54a117c3e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T03:32:36Z |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-1c9d7d62f1a74445996383e54a117c3e2022-12-22T02:14:54ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202016-01-0116111910.3390/s16010119s16010119Mapping Vineyard Leaf Area Using Mobile Terrestrial Laser Scanners: Should Rows be Scanned On-the-Go or Discontinuously Sampled?Ignacio del-Moral-Martínez0Joan R. Rosell-Polo1Joaquim Company2Ricardo Sanz3Alexandre Escolà4Joan Masip5José A. Martínez-Casasnovas6Jaume Arnó7Research Group on AgroICT & Precision Agriculture, Department of Agricultural and Forest Engineering, University of Lleida, Rovira Roure 191, Lleida 25198, SpainResearch Group on AgroICT & Precision Agriculture, Department of Agricultural and Forest Engineering, University of Lleida, Rovira Roure 191, Lleida 25198, SpainResearch Group on AgroICT & Precision Agriculture, Department of Agricultural and Forest Engineering, University of Lleida, Rovira Roure 191, Lleida 25198, SpainResearch Group on AgroICT & Precision Agriculture, Department of Agricultural and Forest Engineering, University of Lleida, Rovira Roure 191, Lleida 25198, SpainResearch Group on AgroICT & Precision Agriculture, Department of Agricultural and Forest Engineering, University of Lleida, Rovira Roure 191, Lleida 25198, SpainResearch Group on AgroICT & Precision Agriculture, Department of Agricultural and Forest Engineering, University of Lleida, Rovira Roure 191, Lleida 25198, SpainResearch Group on AgroICT & Precision Agriculture, Department of Environmental and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida, Rovira Roure 191, Lleida 25198, SpainResearch Group on AgroICT & Precision Agriculture, Department of Agricultural and Forest Engineering, University of Lleida, Rovira Roure 191, Lleida 25198, SpainThe leaf area index (LAI) is defined as the one-side leaf area per unit ground area, and is probably the most widely used index to characterize grapevine vigor. However, LAI varies spatially within vineyard plots. Mapping and quantifying this variability is very important for improving management decisions and agricultural practices. In this study, a mobile terrestrial laser scanner (MTLS) was used to map the LAI of a vineyard, and then to examine how different scanning methods (on-the-go or discontinuous systematic sampling) may affect the reliability of the resulting raster maps. The use of the MTLS allows calculating the enveloping vegetative area of the canopy, which is the sum of the leaf wall areas for both sides of the row (excluding gaps) and the projected upper area. Obtaining the enveloping areas requires scanning from both sides one meter length section along the row at each systematic sampling point. By converting the enveloping areas into LAI values, a raster map of the latter can be obtained by spatial interpolation (kriging). However, the user can opt for scanning on-the-go in a continuous way and compute 1-m LAI values along the rows, or instead, perform the scanning at discontinuous systematic sampling within the plot. An analysis of correlation between maps indicated that MTLS can be used discontinuously in specific sampling sections separated by up to 15 m along the rows. This capability significantly reduces the amount of data to be acquired at field level, the data storage capacity and the processing power of computers.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/1/119LAILiDARmobile terrestrial laser scannerprecision viticulturevegetation maps |
| spellingShingle | Ignacio del-Moral-Martínez Joan R. Rosell-Polo Joaquim Company Ricardo Sanz Alexandre Escolà Joan Masip José A. Martínez-Casasnovas Jaume Arnó Mapping Vineyard Leaf Area Using Mobile Terrestrial Laser Scanners: Should Rows be Scanned On-the-Go or Discontinuously Sampled? Sensors LAI LiDAR mobile terrestrial laser scanner precision viticulture vegetation maps |
| title | Mapping Vineyard Leaf Area Using Mobile Terrestrial Laser Scanners: Should Rows be Scanned On-the-Go or Discontinuously Sampled? |
| title_full | Mapping Vineyard Leaf Area Using Mobile Terrestrial Laser Scanners: Should Rows be Scanned On-the-Go or Discontinuously Sampled? |
| title_fullStr | Mapping Vineyard Leaf Area Using Mobile Terrestrial Laser Scanners: Should Rows be Scanned On-the-Go or Discontinuously Sampled? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mapping Vineyard Leaf Area Using Mobile Terrestrial Laser Scanners: Should Rows be Scanned On-the-Go or Discontinuously Sampled? |
| title_short | Mapping Vineyard Leaf Area Using Mobile Terrestrial Laser Scanners: Should Rows be Scanned On-the-Go or Discontinuously Sampled? |
| title_sort | mapping vineyard leaf area using mobile terrestrial laser scanners should rows be scanned on the go or discontinuously sampled |
| topic | LAI LiDAR mobile terrestrial laser scanner precision viticulture vegetation maps |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/1/119 |
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