Potential of Biochar to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Increase Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Boreal Arable Soils in the Long-Term
Biochars have potential to provide agricultural and environmental benefits such as increasing soil carbon sequestration, crop yield, and soil fertility while reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and nitrogen leaching. However, whether these effects will sustain for the long-term is still unknown....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.914766/full |
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| author | Subin Kalu Subin Kalu Liisa Kulmala Liisa Kulmala Jure Zrim Kenneth Peltokangas Kenneth Peltokangas Kenneth Peltokangas Priit Tammeorg Kimmo Rasa Barbara Kitzler Mari Pihlatie Mari Pihlatie Mari Pihlatie Kristiina Karhu Kristiina Karhu |
| author_facet | Subin Kalu Subin Kalu Liisa Kulmala Liisa Kulmala Jure Zrim Kenneth Peltokangas Kenneth Peltokangas Kenneth Peltokangas Priit Tammeorg Kimmo Rasa Barbara Kitzler Mari Pihlatie Mari Pihlatie Mari Pihlatie Kristiina Karhu Kristiina Karhu |
| author_sort | Subin Kalu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biochars have potential to provide agricultural and environmental benefits such as increasing soil carbon sequestration, crop yield, and soil fertility while reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and nitrogen leaching. However, whether these effects will sustain for the long-term is still unknown. Moreover, these effects were observed mostly in highly weathered (sub-) tropical soils with low pH and soil organic carbon (SOC). The soils in northern colder boreal regions have typically higher SOC and undergo continuous freeze-thaw cycles. Therefore, effects of biochars in these regions may be different from those observed in other climates. However, only a few biochar studies have been conducted in boreal regions. We aimed to assess the long-term effects of biochars on GHG emissions, yield-normalized non-CO2 GHG emissions (GHGI), and N dynamics in boreal soils. For this, we collected data from four existing Finnish biochar field experiments during 2018 growing season. The experiments were Jokioinen (Stagnosol), Qvidja (Cambisol), Viikki-1 (Stagnosol), and Viikki-2 (Umbrisol), where biochars were applied, 2, 2, 8, and 7 years before, respectively. The GHG emissions, crop yield, soil mineral N, and microbial biomass were measured from all fields, whereas, additional measurements of plant N contents and N leaching were conducted in Qvidja. Biochars increased CO2 efflux in Qvidja and Viikki-2, whereas, there were no statistically significant effects of biochars on the fluxes of N2O or CH4, but in Qvidja, biochars tended to reduce N2O fluxes at the peak emission points. The tendency of biochars to reduce N2O emissions seemed higher in soils with higher silt content and lower initial soil carbon. We demonstrated the long-term effects of biochar on increased crop yield by 65% and reduced GHGI by 43% in Viikki-2. In Qvidja, the significant increment of plant biomass, plant N uptake, nitrogen use efficiency, and crop yield, and reduction of NO3−–N leaching by the spruce biochar is attributed to its ability to retain NO3−–N, which could be linked to its significantly higher specific surface area. The ability of the spruce biochar to retain soil NO3−–N and hence to reduce N losses, has implications for sustainable management of N fertilization. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T05:35:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1c9eeebdaa314902b8150a17106ef348 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-665X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T05:35:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-1c9eeebdaa314902b8150a17106ef3482022-12-22T02:09:40ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Environmental Science2296-665X2022-05-011010.3389/fenvs.2022.914766914766Potential of Biochar to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Increase Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Boreal Arable Soils in the Long-TermSubin Kalu0Subin Kalu1Liisa Kulmala2Liisa Kulmala3Jure Zrim4Kenneth Peltokangas5Kenneth Peltokangas6Kenneth Peltokangas7Priit Tammeorg8Kimmo Rasa9Barbara Kitzler10Mari Pihlatie11Mari Pihlatie12Mari Pihlatie13Kristiina Karhu14Kristiina Karhu15Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandFinnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, FinlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) / Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandFinnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, FinlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) / Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandNatural Resources Institute Finland, Jokioinen, FinlandInstitute for Forest Ecology and Soils, Federal Research Centre for Forests, Vienna, AustriaDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) / Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandViikki Plant Science Center (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandBiochars have potential to provide agricultural and environmental benefits such as increasing soil carbon sequestration, crop yield, and soil fertility while reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and nitrogen leaching. However, whether these effects will sustain for the long-term is still unknown. Moreover, these effects were observed mostly in highly weathered (sub-) tropical soils with low pH and soil organic carbon (SOC). The soils in northern colder boreal regions have typically higher SOC and undergo continuous freeze-thaw cycles. Therefore, effects of biochars in these regions may be different from those observed in other climates. However, only a few biochar studies have been conducted in boreal regions. We aimed to assess the long-term effects of biochars on GHG emissions, yield-normalized non-CO2 GHG emissions (GHGI), and N dynamics in boreal soils. For this, we collected data from four existing Finnish biochar field experiments during 2018 growing season. The experiments were Jokioinen (Stagnosol), Qvidja (Cambisol), Viikki-1 (Stagnosol), and Viikki-2 (Umbrisol), where biochars were applied, 2, 2, 8, and 7 years before, respectively. The GHG emissions, crop yield, soil mineral N, and microbial biomass were measured from all fields, whereas, additional measurements of plant N contents and N leaching were conducted in Qvidja. Biochars increased CO2 efflux in Qvidja and Viikki-2, whereas, there were no statistically significant effects of biochars on the fluxes of N2O or CH4, but in Qvidja, biochars tended to reduce N2O fluxes at the peak emission points. The tendency of biochars to reduce N2O emissions seemed higher in soils with higher silt content and lower initial soil carbon. We demonstrated the long-term effects of biochar on increased crop yield by 65% and reduced GHGI by 43% in Viikki-2. In Qvidja, the significant increment of plant biomass, plant N uptake, nitrogen use efficiency, and crop yield, and reduction of NO3−–N leaching by the spruce biochar is attributed to its ability to retain NO3−–N, which could be linked to its significantly higher specific surface area. The ability of the spruce biochar to retain soil NO3−–N and hence to reduce N losses, has implications for sustainable management of N fertilization.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.914766/fullbiochargreenhouse gas emissionsnitratenitrous oxidenitrogen leachingnitrogen uptake |
| spellingShingle | Subin Kalu Subin Kalu Liisa Kulmala Liisa Kulmala Jure Zrim Kenneth Peltokangas Kenneth Peltokangas Kenneth Peltokangas Priit Tammeorg Kimmo Rasa Barbara Kitzler Mari Pihlatie Mari Pihlatie Mari Pihlatie Kristiina Karhu Kristiina Karhu Potential of Biochar to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Increase Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Boreal Arable Soils in the Long-Term Frontiers in Environmental Science biochar greenhouse gas emissions nitrate nitrous oxide nitrogen leaching nitrogen uptake |
| title | Potential of Biochar to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Increase Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Boreal Arable Soils in the Long-Term |
| title_full | Potential of Biochar to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Increase Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Boreal Arable Soils in the Long-Term |
| title_fullStr | Potential of Biochar to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Increase Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Boreal Arable Soils in the Long-Term |
| title_full_unstemmed | Potential of Biochar to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Increase Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Boreal Arable Soils in the Long-Term |
| title_short | Potential of Biochar to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Increase Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Boreal Arable Soils in the Long-Term |
| title_sort | potential of biochar to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase nitrogen use efficiency in boreal arable soils in the long term |
| topic | biochar greenhouse gas emissions nitrate nitrous oxide nitrogen leaching nitrogen uptake |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.914766/full |
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