Atypical Bacterial Pathogens and Small-Vessel Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis of the Skin in Children: Systematic Literature Review
Leukocytoclastic small-vessel vasculitis of the skin (with or without systemic involvement) is often preceded by infections such as common cold, tonsillopharyngitis, or otitis media. Our purpose was to document pediatric (≤18 years) cases preceded by a symptomatic disease caused by an atypical bacte...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/1/31 |
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| author | Céline Betti Pietro Camozzi Viola Gennaro Mario G. Bianchetti Martin Scoglio Giacomo D. Simonetti Gregorio P. Milani Sebastiano A. G. Lava Alessandra Ferrarini |
| author_facet | Céline Betti Pietro Camozzi Viola Gennaro Mario G. Bianchetti Martin Scoglio Giacomo D. Simonetti Gregorio P. Milani Sebastiano A. G. Lava Alessandra Ferrarini |
| author_sort | Céline Betti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Leukocytoclastic small-vessel vasculitis of the skin (with or without systemic involvement) is often preceded by infections such as common cold, tonsillopharyngitis, or otitis media. Our purpose was to document pediatric (≤18 years) cases preceded by a symptomatic disease caused by an atypical bacterial pathogen. We performed a literature search following the Preferred Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We retained 19 reports including 22 cases (13 females and 9 males, 1.0 to 17, median 6.3 years of age) associated with a <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> infection. We did not find any case linked to <i>Chlamydophila pneumoniae</i>, <i>Chlamydophila psittaci</i>, <i>Coxiella burnetii</i>, <i>Francisella tularensis</i>, or <i>Legionella pneumophila</i>. Patients with a systemic vasculitis (N = 14) and with a skin-limited (N = 8) vasculitis did not significantly differ with respect to gender and age. The time to recovery was ≤12 weeks in all patients with this information. In conclusion, a cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis with or without systemic involvement may occur in childhood after an infection caused by the atypical bacterial pathogen <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>. The clinical picture and the course of cases preceded by recognized triggers and by this atypical pathogen are indistinguishable. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:31:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1ca6944c52174ece92af05744a81f6cf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:31:40Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-1ca6944c52174ece92af05744a81f6cf2023-11-21T07:48:35ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172021-01-011013110.3390/pathogens10010031Atypical Bacterial Pathogens and Small-Vessel Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis of the Skin in Children: Systematic Literature ReviewCéline Betti0Pietro Camozzi1Viola Gennaro2Mario G. Bianchetti3Martin Scoglio4Giacomo D. Simonetti5Gregorio P. Milani6Sebastiano A. G. Lava7Alessandra Ferrarini8Faculty of Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, SwitzerlandDepartment of Internal Medicine, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6500 Bellinzona, SwitzerlandFaculty of Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, SwitzerlandFaculty of Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, SwitzerlandFaculty of Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, SwitzerlandFaculty of Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, SwitzerlandDepartment of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, 6500 Bellinzona, SwitzerlandPediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, SwitzerlandFaculty of Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, SwitzerlandLeukocytoclastic small-vessel vasculitis of the skin (with or without systemic involvement) is often preceded by infections such as common cold, tonsillopharyngitis, or otitis media. Our purpose was to document pediatric (≤18 years) cases preceded by a symptomatic disease caused by an atypical bacterial pathogen. We performed a literature search following the Preferred Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We retained 19 reports including 22 cases (13 females and 9 males, 1.0 to 17, median 6.3 years of age) associated with a <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> infection. We did not find any case linked to <i>Chlamydophila pneumoniae</i>, <i>Chlamydophila psittaci</i>, <i>Coxiella burnetii</i>, <i>Francisella tularensis</i>, or <i>Legionella pneumophila</i>. Patients with a systemic vasculitis (N = 14) and with a skin-limited (N = 8) vasculitis did not significantly differ with respect to gender and age. The time to recovery was ≤12 weeks in all patients with this information. In conclusion, a cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis with or without systemic involvement may occur in childhood after an infection caused by the atypical bacterial pathogen <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>. The clinical picture and the course of cases preceded by recognized triggers and by this atypical pathogen are indistinguishable.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/1/31leukocytoclastic small-vessel vasculitisatypical pathogens<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i><i>Legionella pneumophila</i><i>Chlamydophila pneumoniae</i><i>Chlamydophila psittaci</i> |
| spellingShingle | Céline Betti Pietro Camozzi Viola Gennaro Mario G. Bianchetti Martin Scoglio Giacomo D. Simonetti Gregorio P. Milani Sebastiano A. G. Lava Alessandra Ferrarini Atypical Bacterial Pathogens and Small-Vessel Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis of the Skin in Children: Systematic Literature Review Pathogens leukocytoclastic small-vessel vasculitis atypical pathogens <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> <i>Chlamydophila pneumoniae</i> <i>Chlamydophila psittaci</i> |
| title | Atypical Bacterial Pathogens and Small-Vessel Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis of the Skin in Children: Systematic Literature Review |
| title_full | Atypical Bacterial Pathogens and Small-Vessel Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis of the Skin in Children: Systematic Literature Review |
| title_fullStr | Atypical Bacterial Pathogens and Small-Vessel Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis of the Skin in Children: Systematic Literature Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Atypical Bacterial Pathogens and Small-Vessel Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis of the Skin in Children: Systematic Literature Review |
| title_short | Atypical Bacterial Pathogens and Small-Vessel Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis of the Skin in Children: Systematic Literature Review |
| title_sort | atypical bacterial pathogens and small vessel leukocytoclastic vasculitis of the skin in children systematic literature review |
| topic | leukocytoclastic small-vessel vasculitis atypical pathogens <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> <i>Chlamydophila pneumoniae</i> <i>Chlamydophila psittaci</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/1/31 |
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