Targeting cattle for malaria elimination: marked reduction of Anopheles arabiensis survival for over six months using a slow-release ivermectin implant formulation
Abstract Background Mosquitoes that feed on animals can survive and mediate residual transmission of malaria even after most humans have been protected with insecticidal bednets or indoor residual sprays. Ivermectin is a widely-used drug for treating parasites of humans and animals that is also inse...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2018-05-01
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| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-018-2872-y |
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| author | Carlos J. Chaccour Kija Ngha’bi Gloria Abizanda Angel Irigoyen Barrio Azucena Aldaz Fredros Okumu Hannah Slater Jose Luis Del Pozo Gerry Killeen |
| author_facet | Carlos J. Chaccour Kija Ngha’bi Gloria Abizanda Angel Irigoyen Barrio Azucena Aldaz Fredros Okumu Hannah Slater Jose Luis Del Pozo Gerry Killeen |
| author_sort | Carlos J. Chaccour |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Mosquitoes that feed on animals can survive and mediate residual transmission of malaria even after most humans have been protected with insecticidal bednets or indoor residual sprays. Ivermectin is a widely-used drug for treating parasites of humans and animals that is also insecticidal, killing mosquitoes that feed on treated subjects. Mass administration of ivermectin to livestock could be particularly useful for tackling residual malaria transmission by zoophagic vectors that evade human-centred approaches. Ivermectin comes from a different chemical class to active ingredients currently used to treat bednets or spray houses, so it also has potential for mitigating against emergence of insecticide resistance. However, the duration of insecticidal activity obtained with ivermectin is critical to its effectiveness and affordability. Results A slow-release formulation for ivermectin was implanted into cattle, causing 40 weeks of increased mortality among Anopheles arabiensis that fed on them. For this zoophagic vector of residual malaria transmission across much of Africa, the proportion surviving three days after feeding (typical mean duration of a gonotrophic cycle in field populations) was approximately halved for 25 weeks. Conclusions This implantable ivermectin formulation delivers stable and sustained insecticidal activity for approximately 6 months. Residual malaria transmission by zoophagic vectors could be suppressed by targeting livestock with this long-lasting formulation, which would be impractical or unacceptable for mass treatment of human populations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T17:54:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1ca718ad7d6d4867a5f31168e208f909 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T17:54:53Z |
| publishDate | 2018-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj.art-1ca718ad7d6d4867a5f31168e208f9092022-12-22T02:36:32ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052018-05-011111910.1186/s13071-018-2872-yTargeting cattle for malaria elimination: marked reduction of Anopheles arabiensis survival for over six months using a slow-release ivermectin implant formulationCarlos J. Chaccour0Kija Ngha’bi1Gloria Abizanda2Angel Irigoyen Barrio3Azucena Aldaz4Fredros Okumu5Hannah Slater6Jose Luis Del Pozo7Gerry Killeen8Instituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de NavarraEnvironmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health InstituteCentro de Investigación Médica AplicadaDrug Development Unit Universidad de Navarra (DDUNAV)Department of pharmacy, Clínica Universidad de NavarraInstituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de NavarraMRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis & Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College LondonInstituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de NavarraEnvironmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health InstituteAbstract Background Mosquitoes that feed on animals can survive and mediate residual transmission of malaria even after most humans have been protected with insecticidal bednets or indoor residual sprays. Ivermectin is a widely-used drug for treating parasites of humans and animals that is also insecticidal, killing mosquitoes that feed on treated subjects. Mass administration of ivermectin to livestock could be particularly useful for tackling residual malaria transmission by zoophagic vectors that evade human-centred approaches. Ivermectin comes from a different chemical class to active ingredients currently used to treat bednets or spray houses, so it also has potential for mitigating against emergence of insecticide resistance. However, the duration of insecticidal activity obtained with ivermectin is critical to its effectiveness and affordability. Results A slow-release formulation for ivermectin was implanted into cattle, causing 40 weeks of increased mortality among Anopheles arabiensis that fed on them. For this zoophagic vector of residual malaria transmission across much of Africa, the proportion surviving three days after feeding (typical mean duration of a gonotrophic cycle in field populations) was approximately halved for 25 weeks. Conclusions This implantable ivermectin formulation delivers stable and sustained insecticidal activity for approximately 6 months. Residual malaria transmission by zoophagic vectors could be suppressed by targeting livestock with this long-lasting formulation, which would be impractical or unacceptable for mass treatment of human populations.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-018-2872-yResidual transmissionIvermectinEndectocidesCattleZoophagySlow release |
| spellingShingle | Carlos J. Chaccour Kija Ngha’bi Gloria Abizanda Angel Irigoyen Barrio Azucena Aldaz Fredros Okumu Hannah Slater Jose Luis Del Pozo Gerry Killeen Targeting cattle for malaria elimination: marked reduction of Anopheles arabiensis survival for over six months using a slow-release ivermectin implant formulation Parasites & Vectors Residual transmission Ivermectin Endectocides Cattle Zoophagy Slow release |
| title | Targeting cattle for malaria elimination: marked reduction of Anopheles arabiensis survival for over six months using a slow-release ivermectin implant formulation |
| title_full | Targeting cattle for malaria elimination: marked reduction of Anopheles arabiensis survival for over six months using a slow-release ivermectin implant formulation |
| title_fullStr | Targeting cattle for malaria elimination: marked reduction of Anopheles arabiensis survival for over six months using a slow-release ivermectin implant formulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Targeting cattle for malaria elimination: marked reduction of Anopheles arabiensis survival for over six months using a slow-release ivermectin implant formulation |
| title_short | Targeting cattle for malaria elimination: marked reduction of Anopheles arabiensis survival for over six months using a slow-release ivermectin implant formulation |
| title_sort | targeting cattle for malaria elimination marked reduction of anopheles arabiensis survival for over six months using a slow release ivermectin implant formulation |
| topic | Residual transmission Ivermectin Endectocides Cattle Zoophagy Slow release |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-018-2872-y |
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