Misaligned Jets from Sgr A* and the Origin of Fermi/eROSITA Bubbles
One of the leading explanations for the origin of Fermi Bubbles is past jet activity in the Galactic center supermassive black hole Sgr A ^* . The claimed jets are often assumed to be perpendicular to the Galactic plane. Motivated by the orientation of pc-scale nuclear stellar disk and gas streams,...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acd75d |
| _version_ | 1797364555301519360 |
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| author | Kartick C. Sarkar Santanu Mondal Prateek Sharma Tsvi Piran |
| author_facet | Kartick C. Sarkar Santanu Mondal Prateek Sharma Tsvi Piran |
| author_sort | Kartick C. Sarkar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | One of the leading explanations for the origin of Fermi Bubbles is past jet activity in the Galactic center supermassive black hole Sgr A ^* . The claimed jets are often assumed to be perpendicular to the Galactic plane. Motivated by the orientation of pc-scale nuclear stellar disk and gas streams, as well as a low inclination of the accretion disk around Sgr A ^* inferred by the Event Horizon Telescope, we perform hydrodynamical simulations of nuclear jets significantly tilted relative to the Galactic rotation axis. The observed axisymmetry and hemisymmetry (north–south symmetry) of Fermi/eROSITA bubbles (FEBs) due to quasi-steady jets in Sgr A ^* could be produced if the jet had a super-Eddington power (≳5 × 10 ^44 erg s ^−1 ) for a short time (jet active period ≲6 kyr) for a reasonable jet opening angle (≲10°). Such powerful explosions are, however, incompatible with the observed O viii /O vii line ratio toward the bubbles, even after considering electron–proton temperature nonequilibrium. We argue that the only remaining options for producing FEBs are (i) a low-luminosity (≈10 ^40.5−41 erg s ^−1 ) magnetically dominated jet or accretion wind from the Sgr A ^* , or (ii) a supernovae or tidal disruption event driven wind of a similar luminosity from the Galactic center. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T16:36:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1cb18d3c2b7d45a082cef72254544607 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T16:36:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-1cb18d3c2b7d45a082cef722545446072024-01-05T14:50:56ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-0195113610.3847/1538-4357/acd75dMisaligned Jets from Sgr A* and the Origin of Fermi/eROSITA BubblesKartick C. Sarkar0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7767-8472Santanu Mondal1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0793-6066Prateek Sharma2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2635-4643Tsvi Piran3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7964-5420School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, Israel ; kcsarkar@tauex.tau.ac.il, kartick.c.sarkar100@gmail.com; Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , IsraelIndian Institute of Astrophysics , 2nd Block, Koramangala, Bangalore 560034, IndiaDepartment of Physics and Joint Astronomy Program, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, IndiaRacah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , IsraelOne of the leading explanations for the origin of Fermi Bubbles is past jet activity in the Galactic center supermassive black hole Sgr A ^* . The claimed jets are often assumed to be perpendicular to the Galactic plane. Motivated by the orientation of pc-scale nuclear stellar disk and gas streams, as well as a low inclination of the accretion disk around Sgr A ^* inferred by the Event Horizon Telescope, we perform hydrodynamical simulations of nuclear jets significantly tilted relative to the Galactic rotation axis. The observed axisymmetry and hemisymmetry (north–south symmetry) of Fermi/eROSITA bubbles (FEBs) due to quasi-steady jets in Sgr A ^* could be produced if the jet had a super-Eddington power (≳5 × 10 ^44 erg s ^−1 ) for a short time (jet active period ≲6 kyr) for a reasonable jet opening angle (≲10°). Such powerful explosions are, however, incompatible with the observed O viii /O vii line ratio toward the bubbles, even after considering electron–proton temperature nonequilibrium. We argue that the only remaining options for producing FEBs are (i) a low-luminosity (≈10 ^40.5−41 erg s ^−1 ) magnetically dominated jet or accretion wind from the Sgr A ^* , or (ii) a supernovae or tidal disruption event driven wind of a similar luminosity from the Galactic center.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acd75dJetsMilky Way GalaxyGalactic centerCircumgalactic mediumDiffuse x-ray backgroundHydrodynamical simulations |
| spellingShingle | Kartick C. Sarkar Santanu Mondal Prateek Sharma Tsvi Piran Misaligned Jets from Sgr A* and the Origin of Fermi/eROSITA Bubbles The Astrophysical Journal Jets Milky Way Galaxy Galactic center Circumgalactic medium Diffuse x-ray background Hydrodynamical simulations |
| title | Misaligned Jets from Sgr A* and the Origin of Fermi/eROSITA Bubbles |
| title_full | Misaligned Jets from Sgr A* and the Origin of Fermi/eROSITA Bubbles |
| title_fullStr | Misaligned Jets from Sgr A* and the Origin of Fermi/eROSITA Bubbles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Misaligned Jets from Sgr A* and the Origin of Fermi/eROSITA Bubbles |
| title_short | Misaligned Jets from Sgr A* and the Origin of Fermi/eROSITA Bubbles |
| title_sort | misaligned jets from sgr a and the origin of fermi erosita bubbles |
| topic | Jets Milky Way Galaxy Galactic center Circumgalactic medium Diffuse x-ray background Hydrodynamical simulations |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acd75d |
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