Neuron–Glia Interaction in the Developing and Adult Enteric Nervous System
The enteric nervous system (ENS) constitutes the largest part of the peripheral nervous system. In recent years, ENS development and its neurogenetic capacity in homeostasis and allostasishave gained increasing attention. Developmentally, the neural precursors of the ENS are mainly derived from vaga...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/1/47 |
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| author | Verena Pawolski Mirko H. H. Schmidt |
| author_facet | Verena Pawolski Mirko H. H. Schmidt |
| author_sort | Verena Pawolski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The enteric nervous system (ENS) constitutes the largest part of the peripheral nervous system. In recent years, ENS development and its neurogenetic capacity in homeostasis and allostasishave gained increasing attention. Developmentally, the neural precursors of the ENS are mainly derived from vagal and sacral neural crest cell portions. Furthermore, Schwann cell precursors, as well as endodermal pancreatic progenitors, participate in ENS formation. Neural precursors enherite three subpopulations: a bipotent neuron-glia, a neuronal-fated and a glial-fated subpopulation. Typically, enteric neural precursors migrate along the entire bowel to the anal end, chemoattracted by glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and endothelin 3 (EDN3) molecules. During migration, a fraction undergoes differentiation into neurons and glial cells. Differentiation is regulated by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), Hedgehog and Notch signalling. The fully formed adult ENS may react to injury and damage with neurogenesis and gliogenesis. Nevertheless, the origin of differentiating cells is currently under debate. Putative candidates are an embryonic-like enteric neural progenitor population, Schwann cell precursors and transdifferentiating glial cells. These cells can be isolated and propagated in culture as adult ENS progenitors and may be used for cell transplantation therapies for treating enteric aganglionosis in Chagas and Hirschsprung’s diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:36:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1cbcdc52af4f4d418a4220b339c6dc24 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:36:29Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-1cbcdc52af4f4d418a4220b339c6dc242023-11-21T07:26:42ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092020-12-011014710.3390/cells10010047Neuron–Glia Interaction in the Developing and Adult Enteric Nervous SystemVerena Pawolski0Mirko H. H. Schmidt1Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, 01307 Dresden, GermanyInstitute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, 01307 Dresden, GermanyThe enteric nervous system (ENS) constitutes the largest part of the peripheral nervous system. In recent years, ENS development and its neurogenetic capacity in homeostasis and allostasishave gained increasing attention. Developmentally, the neural precursors of the ENS are mainly derived from vagal and sacral neural crest cell portions. Furthermore, Schwann cell precursors, as well as endodermal pancreatic progenitors, participate in ENS formation. Neural precursors enherite three subpopulations: a bipotent neuron-glia, a neuronal-fated and a glial-fated subpopulation. Typically, enteric neural precursors migrate along the entire bowel to the anal end, chemoattracted by glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and endothelin 3 (EDN3) molecules. During migration, a fraction undergoes differentiation into neurons and glial cells. Differentiation is regulated by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), Hedgehog and Notch signalling. The fully formed adult ENS may react to injury and damage with neurogenesis and gliogenesis. Nevertheless, the origin of differentiating cells is currently under debate. Putative candidates are an embryonic-like enteric neural progenitor population, Schwann cell precursors and transdifferentiating glial cells. These cells can be isolated and propagated in culture as adult ENS progenitors and may be used for cell transplantation therapies for treating enteric aganglionosis in Chagas and Hirschsprung’s diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/1/47neuron-glia interactionneural crest cellsenteric nervous systemgastrointestinal systemgutGDNF |
| spellingShingle | Verena Pawolski Mirko H. H. Schmidt Neuron–Glia Interaction in the Developing and Adult Enteric Nervous System Cells neuron-glia interaction neural crest cells enteric nervous system gastrointestinal system gut GDNF |
| title | Neuron–Glia Interaction in the Developing and Adult Enteric Nervous System |
| title_full | Neuron–Glia Interaction in the Developing and Adult Enteric Nervous System |
| title_fullStr | Neuron–Glia Interaction in the Developing and Adult Enteric Nervous System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neuron–Glia Interaction in the Developing and Adult Enteric Nervous System |
| title_short | Neuron–Glia Interaction in the Developing and Adult Enteric Nervous System |
| title_sort | neuron glia interaction in the developing and adult enteric nervous system |
| topic | neuron-glia interaction neural crest cells enteric nervous system gastrointestinal system gut GDNF |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/1/47 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT verenapawolski neurongliainteractioninthedevelopingandadultentericnervoussystem AT mirkohhschmidt neurongliainteractioninthedevelopingandadultentericnervoussystem |