Effects of the Interactive Features of Virtual Partner on Individual Exercise Level and Exercise Perception
Background: We designed an exercise system in which the user is accompanied by a virtual partner (VP) and tested bodyweight squat performance with different interactive VP features to explore the comprehensive impact of these VP features on the individual’s exercise level (EL) and exercise perceptio...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Behavioral Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/13/5/434 |
| _version_ | 1797600975349874688 |
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| author | Yinghao Wang Mengsi Zhang Jianfeng Wu Haonan Zhang Hongchun Yang Songyang Guo Zishuo Lin Chunfu Lu |
| author_facet | Yinghao Wang Mengsi Zhang Jianfeng Wu Haonan Zhang Hongchun Yang Songyang Guo Zishuo Lin Chunfu Lu |
| author_sort | Yinghao Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: We designed an exercise system in which the user is accompanied by a virtual partner (VP) and tested bodyweight squat performance with different interactive VP features to explore the comprehensive impact of these VP features on the individual’s exercise level (EL) and exercise perception. Methods: This experiment used three interactive features of VP, including body movement (BM), eye gaze (EG), and sports performance (SP), as independent variables, and the exercise level (EL), subjective exercise enjoyment, attitude toward the team formed with the VP, and local muscle fatigue degree of the exerciser as observational indicators. We designed a 2 (with or without VP’s BM) × 2 (with or without VP’s EG) × 2 (with or without VP’s SP) within-participants factorial experiment. A total of 40 college students were invited to complete 320 groups of experiments. Results: (1) Regarding EL, the main effects of BM and SP were significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The pairwise interaction effects of the three independent variables on EL were all significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05). (2) Regarding exercise perception, the main effects of BM (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and EG (<i>p</i> < 0.001) on subjective exercise enjoyment were significant. The main effect of BM on the attitude toward the sports team formed with the VP was significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The interaction effect of BM and SP on the attitude toward the sports team formed with the VP was significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001). (3) Regarding the degree of local muscle fatigue, the main effects of BM, EG, and SP and their interaction effects were not significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Conclusion: BM and EG from the VP elevate EL and exercise perception during squat exercises, while the VP with SP inhibited the EL and harmed exercise perception. The conclusions of this study can provide references to guide the interactive design of VP-accompanied exercise systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:56:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1cbfa3fada6f4503bf110240fa1d4123 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-328X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:56:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Behavioral Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-1cbfa3fada6f4503bf110240fa1d41232023-11-18T00:30:15ZengMDPI AGBehavioral Sciences2076-328X2023-05-0113543410.3390/bs13050434Effects of the Interactive Features of Virtual Partner on Individual Exercise Level and Exercise PerceptionYinghao Wang0Mengsi Zhang1Jianfeng Wu2Haonan Zhang3Hongchun Yang4Songyang Guo5Zishuo Lin6Chunfu Lu7Industrial Design and Research Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaSchool of Design and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaIndustrial Design and Research Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaSchool of Design and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaIndustrial Design and Research Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaSchool of Design and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaSchool of Design and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaIndustrial Design and Research Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaBackground: We designed an exercise system in which the user is accompanied by a virtual partner (VP) and tested bodyweight squat performance with different interactive VP features to explore the comprehensive impact of these VP features on the individual’s exercise level (EL) and exercise perception. Methods: This experiment used three interactive features of VP, including body movement (BM), eye gaze (EG), and sports performance (SP), as independent variables, and the exercise level (EL), subjective exercise enjoyment, attitude toward the team formed with the VP, and local muscle fatigue degree of the exerciser as observational indicators. We designed a 2 (with or without VP’s BM) × 2 (with or without VP’s EG) × 2 (with or without VP’s SP) within-participants factorial experiment. A total of 40 college students were invited to complete 320 groups of experiments. Results: (1) Regarding EL, the main effects of BM and SP were significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The pairwise interaction effects of the three independent variables on EL were all significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05). (2) Regarding exercise perception, the main effects of BM (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and EG (<i>p</i> < 0.001) on subjective exercise enjoyment were significant. The main effect of BM on the attitude toward the sports team formed with the VP was significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The interaction effect of BM and SP on the attitude toward the sports team formed with the VP was significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001). (3) Regarding the degree of local muscle fatigue, the main effects of BM, EG, and SP and their interaction effects were not significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Conclusion: BM and EG from the VP elevate EL and exercise perception during squat exercises, while the VP with SP inhibited the EL and harmed exercise perception. The conclusions of this study can provide references to guide the interactive design of VP-accompanied exercise systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/13/5/434virtual partner (VP)interactive featureexercise level (EL)exercise perceptionhuman–computer interaction |
| spellingShingle | Yinghao Wang Mengsi Zhang Jianfeng Wu Haonan Zhang Hongchun Yang Songyang Guo Zishuo Lin Chunfu Lu Effects of the Interactive Features of Virtual Partner on Individual Exercise Level and Exercise Perception Behavioral Sciences virtual partner (VP) interactive feature exercise level (EL) exercise perception human–computer interaction |
| title | Effects of the Interactive Features of Virtual Partner on Individual Exercise Level and Exercise Perception |
| title_full | Effects of the Interactive Features of Virtual Partner on Individual Exercise Level and Exercise Perception |
| title_fullStr | Effects of the Interactive Features of Virtual Partner on Individual Exercise Level and Exercise Perception |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of the Interactive Features of Virtual Partner on Individual Exercise Level and Exercise Perception |
| title_short | Effects of the Interactive Features of Virtual Partner on Individual Exercise Level and Exercise Perception |
| title_sort | effects of the interactive features of virtual partner on individual exercise level and exercise perception |
| topic | virtual partner (VP) interactive feature exercise level (EL) exercise perception human–computer interaction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/13/5/434 |
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