The High Testosterone Concentrations of the Bucks Used in the “Male Effect” Is Not a Prerequisite for Obtaining High Ovarian Activity in Goats from Mediterranean Latitudes
Two experiments were carried out. Firstly, 54 anestrous females were placed in contact with photostimulated males (Photo; <i>n</i> = 27) or with no photostimulated males (Natural; <i>n</i> = 27). Moreover, a group of bucks treated with artificial photoperiod and a group of bu...
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/8/954 |
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| author | Luis Ángel Zarazaga María-Carolina Gatica Ignacio De La Rosa Manuel Delgado-Pertíñez José Luis Guzmán |
| author_facet | Luis Ángel Zarazaga María-Carolina Gatica Ignacio De La Rosa Manuel Delgado-Pertíñez José Luis Guzmán |
| author_sort | Luis Ángel Zarazaga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Two experiments were carried out. Firstly, 54 anestrous females were placed in contact with photostimulated males (Photo; <i>n</i> = 27) or with no photostimulated males (Natural; <i>n</i> = 27). Moreover, a group of bucks treated with artificial photoperiod and a group of bucks subjected to natural photoperiod without contact with females was used (Photo Isolated and Natural Isolated, respectively). In the Natural groups, the testosterone concentrations were similar except for three days after the introduction of the bucks to the does (19.72 ± 4.11 vs. 2.05 ± 0.25 ng/mL for Natural and Natural isolated bucks, respectively, <i>p</i> < 0.05). However, no differences were observed in the Photo groups during the entire experiment. The percentage of females showing estrous was higher in the group of females in contact with photostimulated bucks (96 vs. 74%, respectively, <i>p</i> < 0.05). In the second experiment, a GnRH agonist, deslorelin, was used to regulate the testosterone concentrations of the bucks. Seventy anestrous females were divided into five groups depending on the treatment received by the bucks to which they were exposed: photostimulated bucks (Photo group, <i>n</i> = 14); photostimulated bucks but treated with the agonist at the onset of the photoperiod treatment (Photo-Ago Long group, <i>n</i> = 13); photostimulated bucks but treated with the agonist at the end of the photoperiod treatment (Photo-Ago Short group, <i>n</i> = 15); bucks receiving no photostimulation but treated with the agonist at the end of the photoperiod treatment period (Natural-Ago Short group, <i>n</i> = 13) and bucks receiving no photostimulation nor agonist (Natural group, <i>n</i> = 15). The agonist treatment increased testosterone concentrations after the injection, which remained high for the entire experiment (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Six days after the introduction of the bucks to the does, the testosterone concentrations increased only in the Natural group reaching similar concentrations to the other groups (12.17 ± 6.55, 16.69 ± 4.53, 8.70 ± 0.61, 11.03 ± 1.45 and 14.42 ± 3.64 ng/mL for Photo, Photo-Ago Long, Photo-Ago Short, Natural-Ago Short and Natural bucks, respectively, <i>p</i> > 0.05). No differences in reproductive parameters were observed (<i>p</i> > 0.05). These results demonstrate that, at Mediterranean latitudes, anestrous females can stimulate the testosterone concentrations of bucks after a period of isolation. The high testosterone concentrations are not a prerequisite for an adequate response to the male effect. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-1cc170ef9ba94fc8b1e4f60d4808f1a42023-12-01T00:29:59ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-04-0112895410.3390/ani12080954The High Testosterone Concentrations of the Bucks Used in the “Male Effect” Is Not a Prerequisite for Obtaining High Ovarian Activity in Goats from Mediterranean LatitudesLuis Ángel Zarazaga0María-Carolina Gatica1Ignacio De La Rosa2Manuel Delgado-Pertíñez3José Luis Guzmán4Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, “Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, CeiA3”, Campus Universitario de la Rábida, Universidad de Huelva, Carretera de Huelva-Palos de la Frontera, s/n, 21819 Huelva, SpainFacultad de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avenida Arturo Prat, Iquique 2120, ChileDepartamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, “Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, CeiA3”, Campus Universitario de la Rábida, Universidad de Huelva, Carretera de Huelva-Palos de la Frontera, s/n, 21819 Huelva, SpainDepartamento de Agronomía, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad de Sevilla, Ctra. Utrera km 1, 41013 Sevilla, SpainDepartamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, “Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, CeiA3”, Campus Universitario de la Rábida, Universidad de Huelva, Carretera de Huelva-Palos de la Frontera, s/n, 21819 Huelva, SpainTwo experiments were carried out. Firstly, 54 anestrous females were placed in contact with photostimulated males (Photo; <i>n</i> = 27) or with no photostimulated males (Natural; <i>n</i> = 27). Moreover, a group of bucks treated with artificial photoperiod and a group of bucks subjected to natural photoperiod without contact with females was used (Photo Isolated and Natural Isolated, respectively). In the Natural groups, the testosterone concentrations were similar except for three days after the introduction of the bucks to the does (19.72 ± 4.11 vs. 2.05 ± 0.25 ng/mL for Natural and Natural isolated bucks, respectively, <i>p</i> < 0.05). However, no differences were observed in the Photo groups during the entire experiment. The percentage of females showing estrous was higher in the group of females in contact with photostimulated bucks (96 vs. 74%, respectively, <i>p</i> < 0.05). In the second experiment, a GnRH agonist, deslorelin, was used to regulate the testosterone concentrations of the bucks. Seventy anestrous females were divided into five groups depending on the treatment received by the bucks to which they were exposed: photostimulated bucks (Photo group, <i>n</i> = 14); photostimulated bucks but treated with the agonist at the onset of the photoperiod treatment (Photo-Ago Long group, <i>n</i> = 13); photostimulated bucks but treated with the agonist at the end of the photoperiod treatment (Photo-Ago Short group, <i>n</i> = 15); bucks receiving no photostimulation but treated with the agonist at the end of the photoperiod treatment period (Natural-Ago Short group, <i>n</i> = 13) and bucks receiving no photostimulation nor agonist (Natural group, <i>n</i> = 15). The agonist treatment increased testosterone concentrations after the injection, which remained high for the entire experiment (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Six days after the introduction of the bucks to the does, the testosterone concentrations increased only in the Natural group reaching similar concentrations to the other groups (12.17 ± 6.55, 16.69 ± 4.53, 8.70 ± 0.61, 11.03 ± 1.45 and 14.42 ± 3.64 ng/mL for Photo, Photo-Ago Long, Photo-Ago Short, Natural-Ago Short and Natural bucks, respectively, <i>p</i> > 0.05). No differences in reproductive parameters were observed (<i>p</i> > 0.05). These results demonstrate that, at Mediterranean latitudes, anestrous females can stimulate the testosterone concentrations of bucks after a period of isolation. The high testosterone concentrations are not a prerequisite for an adequate response to the male effect.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/8/954male effecttestosteronephotoperiodGnRH agonistodorscrotal circumference |
| spellingShingle | Luis Ángel Zarazaga María-Carolina Gatica Ignacio De La Rosa Manuel Delgado-Pertíñez José Luis Guzmán The High Testosterone Concentrations of the Bucks Used in the “Male Effect” Is Not a Prerequisite for Obtaining High Ovarian Activity in Goats from Mediterranean Latitudes Animals male effect testosterone photoperiod GnRH agonist odor scrotal circumference |
| title | The High Testosterone Concentrations of the Bucks Used in the “Male Effect” Is Not a Prerequisite for Obtaining High Ovarian Activity in Goats from Mediterranean Latitudes |
| title_full | The High Testosterone Concentrations of the Bucks Used in the “Male Effect” Is Not a Prerequisite for Obtaining High Ovarian Activity in Goats from Mediterranean Latitudes |
| title_fullStr | The High Testosterone Concentrations of the Bucks Used in the “Male Effect” Is Not a Prerequisite for Obtaining High Ovarian Activity in Goats from Mediterranean Latitudes |
| title_full_unstemmed | The High Testosterone Concentrations of the Bucks Used in the “Male Effect” Is Not a Prerequisite for Obtaining High Ovarian Activity in Goats from Mediterranean Latitudes |
| title_short | The High Testosterone Concentrations of the Bucks Used in the “Male Effect” Is Not a Prerequisite for Obtaining High Ovarian Activity in Goats from Mediterranean Latitudes |
| title_sort | high testosterone concentrations of the bucks used in the male effect is not a prerequisite for obtaining high ovarian activity in goats from mediterranean latitudes |
| topic | male effect testosterone photoperiod GnRH agonist odor scrotal circumference |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/8/954 |
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