Short Sampling Periods: A New Setup to Evaluate the Change in the Chemical Composition of Fog at High Time Resolution
This study used a water volume-based sampling method in combination with an active fog collector (modified Caltech design) to collect fog water samples during three intensive operation periods at two mountainous study sites in Taiwan. The new setup employed a sample-volume controlled system that dos...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Stockholm University Press
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Tellus: Series B, Chemical and Physical Meteorology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://account.b.tellusjournals.se/index.php/su-j-tbcpm/article/view/35 |
| _version_ | 1827789616783032320 |
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| author | Bettina Breuer Neng-Huei (George) Lin Weiti Tseng Yen-Jen Lai Otto Klemm |
| author_facet | Bettina Breuer Neng-Huei (George) Lin Weiti Tseng Yen-Jen Lai Otto Klemm |
| author_sort | Bettina Breuer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study used a water volume-based sampling method in combination with an active fog collector (modified Caltech design) to collect fog water samples during three intensive operation periods at two mountainous study sites in Taiwan. The new setup employed a sample-volume controlled system that dosed the fog water into 10 ml aliquots, which were then collected with a commercial laboratory auto-sampler. We collected fog water samples about 10 times more frequently (median sampling period 3 minutes and 45 seconds) than with traditional sampling schemes. Notably, up to over 200 samples were collected within a single fog event lasting 13 hours. The results showed that the intra-event variabilities of pH (up to over 2 units), conductivity (range almost 1000 μS cm–1), and ion concentrations were generally higher than the inter-event variability. The variabilities exhibited particularly fast changes during phases of fog onset and dissolution; in contrast, the centers of the passing clouds at our mountain research sites were rather homogeneous. Overall, our new method showed a marked improvement in sampling speed over traditional methods. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T17:23:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1cc64de7cc904e2298a98e53ef8fab6a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1600-0889 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T17:23:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Stockholm University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Tellus: Series B, Chemical and Physical Meteorology |
| spelling | doaj.art-1cc64de7cc904e2298a98e53ef8fab6a2023-10-19T08:03:44ZengStockholm University PressTellus: Series B, Chemical and Physical Meteorology1600-08892023-09-0175133–4633–4610.16993/tellusb.351790Short Sampling Periods: A New Setup to Evaluate the Change in the Chemical Composition of Fog at High Time ResolutionBettina Breuer0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3574-2368Neng-Huei (George) Lin1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8549-3059Weiti Tseng2https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1401-0110Yen-Jen Lai3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3366-8766Otto Klemm4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3502-6721Climatology Research Group, University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, MünsterDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli 320, No. 300 Jhongda RoadDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli 320, No. 300 Jhongda RoadExperimental Forest, National Taiwan University, Chien-Shan Road 12, NantouClimatology Research Group, University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, MünsterThis study used a water volume-based sampling method in combination with an active fog collector (modified Caltech design) to collect fog water samples during three intensive operation periods at two mountainous study sites in Taiwan. The new setup employed a sample-volume controlled system that dosed the fog water into 10 ml aliquots, which were then collected with a commercial laboratory auto-sampler. We collected fog water samples about 10 times more frequently (median sampling period 3 minutes and 45 seconds) than with traditional sampling schemes. Notably, up to over 200 samples were collected within a single fog event lasting 13 hours. The results showed that the intra-event variabilities of pH (up to over 2 units), conductivity (range almost 1000 μS cm–1), and ion concentrations were generally higher than the inter-event variability. The variabilities exhibited particularly fast changes during phases of fog onset and dissolution; in contrast, the centers of the passing clouds at our mountain research sites were rather homogeneous. Overall, our new method showed a marked improvement in sampling speed over traditional methods.https://account.b.tellusjournals.se/index.php/su-j-tbcpm/article/view/35fog chemistryfog collectioneast asiaair pollution |
| spellingShingle | Bettina Breuer Neng-Huei (George) Lin Weiti Tseng Yen-Jen Lai Otto Klemm Short Sampling Periods: A New Setup to Evaluate the Change in the Chemical Composition of Fog at High Time Resolution Tellus: Series B, Chemical and Physical Meteorology fog chemistry fog collection east asia air pollution |
| title | Short Sampling Periods: A New Setup to Evaluate the Change in the Chemical Composition of Fog at High Time Resolution |
| title_full | Short Sampling Periods: A New Setup to Evaluate the Change in the Chemical Composition of Fog at High Time Resolution |
| title_fullStr | Short Sampling Periods: A New Setup to Evaluate the Change in the Chemical Composition of Fog at High Time Resolution |
| title_full_unstemmed | Short Sampling Periods: A New Setup to Evaluate the Change in the Chemical Composition of Fog at High Time Resolution |
| title_short | Short Sampling Periods: A New Setup to Evaluate the Change in the Chemical Composition of Fog at High Time Resolution |
| title_sort | short sampling periods a new setup to evaluate the change in the chemical composition of fog at high time resolution |
| topic | fog chemistry fog collection east asia air pollution |
| url | https://account.b.tellusjournals.se/index.php/su-j-tbcpm/article/view/35 |
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