Energy-Efficient Massive MIMO Network
Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (Massive MIMO) is widely regarded as a highly promising technology for the forthcoming generation of wireless systems. The massive MIMO implementation involves the integration of a substantial number of antenna elements into base stations (BSs) to enhance spec...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Tikrit University
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences |
| Online Access: | https://tj-es.com/ojs/index.php/tjes/article/view/1031 |
| _version_ | 1797744866533310464 |
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| author | Israa Hilme Ayad Atiyah Abdulkafi |
| author_facet | Israa Hilme Ayad Atiyah Abdulkafi |
| author_sort | Israa Hilme |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (Massive MIMO) is widely regarded as a highly promising technology for the forthcoming generation of wireless systems. The massive MIMO implementation involves the integration of a substantial number of antenna elements into base stations (BSs) to enhance spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE). The energy efficiency (EE) of base stations (BSs) has become an increasingly important issue for telecommunications network operators due to the need to take care of profitability while simultaneously minimizing their detrimental effects on the environment and addressing economic challenges faced by wireless communication operators. In this paper, the EE of massive MIMO networks and the relationship between EE, SE, and other parameters like bandwidth (B), number of antennas (M), circuit power, and number of users’ equipment (K) are discussed and investigated. For a fixed circuit power (PFIX), simulation results showed that the EE could be increased by about 1.12 as the number of antennas was doubled. The findings in this work also indicated an almost linear relationship between maximum EE and optimal SE, with a massive increase in the number of antennas when the power consumed by each antenna (PBS) was included in circuit power. In addition, when considering the power consumed per user’s equipment (PUE) impact, the SE increased with the ratio (M/K), in which SE showed a cubic relationship against M/K. On the other hand, the EE increased with M/K ratio until M/K reached a specific value. The maximum EE (and hence optimum SE) was achieved by massive MIMO, where the number of antennas was three times the number of users. However, EE started degrading after this value, as the number of antennas was considered larger than the users’ and consumed more energy, resulting in EE degradation.
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| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T15:15:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1cc6ba7e21da4064a20b51ffef4b0db8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1813-162X 2312-7589 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T15:15:41Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Tikrit University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-1cc6ba7e21da4064a20b51ffef4b0db82023-08-11T13:16:03ZengTikrit UniversityTikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences1813-162X2312-75892023-08-0130310.25130/tjes.30.3.1Energy-Efficient Massive MIMO NetworkIsraa Hilme0Ayad Atiyah Abdulkafi 1Electrical Department, College of Engineering, Tikrit University /Tikrit, IraqElectrical Department, College of Engineering- Shirqat, Tikrit University, Iraq Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (Massive MIMO) is widely regarded as a highly promising technology for the forthcoming generation of wireless systems. The massive MIMO implementation involves the integration of a substantial number of antenna elements into base stations (BSs) to enhance spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE). The energy efficiency (EE) of base stations (BSs) has become an increasingly important issue for telecommunications network operators due to the need to take care of profitability while simultaneously minimizing their detrimental effects on the environment and addressing economic challenges faced by wireless communication operators. In this paper, the EE of massive MIMO networks and the relationship between EE, SE, and other parameters like bandwidth (B), number of antennas (M), circuit power, and number of users’ equipment (K) are discussed and investigated. For a fixed circuit power (PFIX), simulation results showed that the EE could be increased by about 1.12 as the number of antennas was doubled. The findings in this work also indicated an almost linear relationship between maximum EE and optimal SE, with a massive increase in the number of antennas when the power consumed by each antenna (PBS) was included in circuit power. In addition, when considering the power consumed per user’s equipment (PUE) impact, the SE increased with the ratio (M/K), in which SE showed a cubic relationship against M/K. On the other hand, the EE increased with M/K ratio until M/K reached a specific value. The maximum EE (and hence optimum SE) was achieved by massive MIMO, where the number of antennas was three times the number of users. However, EE started degrading after this value, as the number of antennas was considered larger than the users’ and consumed more energy, resulting in EE degradation. https://tj-es.com/ojs/index.php/tjes/article/view/1031 |
| spellingShingle | Israa Hilme Ayad Atiyah Abdulkafi Energy-Efficient Massive MIMO Network Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences |
| title | Energy-Efficient Massive MIMO Network |
| title_full | Energy-Efficient Massive MIMO Network |
| title_fullStr | Energy-Efficient Massive MIMO Network |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy-Efficient Massive MIMO Network |
| title_short | Energy-Efficient Massive MIMO Network |
| title_sort | energy efficient massive mimo network |
| url | https://tj-es.com/ojs/index.php/tjes/article/view/1031 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT israahilme energyefficientmassivemimonetwork AT ayadatiyahabdulkafi energyefficientmassivemimonetwork |