Metabolites From Trypanosome-Infected Cattle as Sensitive Biomarkers for Animal Trypanosomosis
Trypanosomes are important global livestock and human pathogens of public health importance. Elucidating the chemical mechanisms of trypanosome-relevant host interactions can enhance the design and development of a novel, next-generation trypanosomosis diagnostics. However, it is unknown how trypano...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.922760/full |
| _version_ | 1818107928127733760 |
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| author | Merid N. Getahun John Ngiela JohnMark O. Makwatta Peter Ahuya Tawich K. Simon Samuel K. Kamau Baldwyn Torto Daniel Masiga |
| author_facet | Merid N. Getahun John Ngiela JohnMark O. Makwatta Peter Ahuya Tawich K. Simon Samuel K. Kamau Baldwyn Torto Daniel Masiga |
| author_sort | Merid N. Getahun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Trypanosomes are important global livestock and human pathogens of public health importance. Elucidating the chemical mechanisms of trypanosome-relevant host interactions can enhance the design and development of a novel, next-generation trypanosomosis diagnostics. However, it is unknown how trypanosome infection affects livestock volatile odors. Here, we show that Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma vivax infections induced dihydro-β- ionone and junenol, while abundance of dihydro-α-ionone, phenolics, p-cresol, and 3-propylphenol significantly elevated in cow urine. These biomarkers of trypanosome infection are conserved in cow breath and the urine metabolites of naturally infected cows, regardless of population, diet, or environment differences. Furthermore, treating trypanosome-infected cows reduced the levels of these indicators back to the pre-infection levels. Finally, we demonstrated that the potential of some specific biomarkers of phenolic origin may be used to detect active trypanosome infections, including low-level infections that are not detectable by microscopy. The sensitivity and specificity of biomarkers detection are suited for rapid, robust, and non-invasive trypanosomosis diagnosis under field conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T02:07:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1cda69e5f64140cb9e1ff17baab1c00a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T02:07:15Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-1cda69e5f64140cb9e1ff17baab1c00a2022-12-22T01:24:21ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2022-07-011310.3389/fmicb.2022.922760922760Metabolites From Trypanosome-Infected Cattle as Sensitive Biomarkers for Animal TrypanosomosisMerid N. Getahun0John Ngiela1JohnMark O. Makwatta2Peter Ahuya3Tawich K. Simon4Samuel K. Kamau5Baldwyn Torto6Daniel Masiga7International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, KenyaInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, KenyaInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, KenyaInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, KenyaInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, KenyaKabete Veterinary Laboratories, Nairobi, KenyaInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, KenyaInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, KenyaTrypanosomes are important global livestock and human pathogens of public health importance. Elucidating the chemical mechanisms of trypanosome-relevant host interactions can enhance the design and development of a novel, next-generation trypanosomosis diagnostics. However, it is unknown how trypanosome infection affects livestock volatile odors. Here, we show that Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma vivax infections induced dihydro-β- ionone and junenol, while abundance of dihydro-α-ionone, phenolics, p-cresol, and 3-propylphenol significantly elevated in cow urine. These biomarkers of trypanosome infection are conserved in cow breath and the urine metabolites of naturally infected cows, regardless of population, diet, or environment differences. Furthermore, treating trypanosome-infected cows reduced the levels of these indicators back to the pre-infection levels. Finally, we demonstrated that the potential of some specific biomarkers of phenolic origin may be used to detect active trypanosome infections, including low-level infections that are not detectable by microscopy. The sensitivity and specificity of biomarkers detection are suited for rapid, robust, and non-invasive trypanosomosis diagnosis under field conditions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.922760/fullanimal trypanosomosismetabolitesbiomarkersdiagnosticvolatile |
| spellingShingle | Merid N. Getahun John Ngiela JohnMark O. Makwatta Peter Ahuya Tawich K. Simon Samuel K. Kamau Baldwyn Torto Daniel Masiga Metabolites From Trypanosome-Infected Cattle as Sensitive Biomarkers for Animal Trypanosomosis Frontiers in Microbiology animal trypanosomosis metabolites biomarkers diagnostic volatile |
| title | Metabolites From Trypanosome-Infected Cattle as Sensitive Biomarkers for Animal Trypanosomosis |
| title_full | Metabolites From Trypanosome-Infected Cattle as Sensitive Biomarkers for Animal Trypanosomosis |
| title_fullStr | Metabolites From Trypanosome-Infected Cattle as Sensitive Biomarkers for Animal Trypanosomosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolites From Trypanosome-Infected Cattle as Sensitive Biomarkers for Animal Trypanosomosis |
| title_short | Metabolites From Trypanosome-Infected Cattle as Sensitive Biomarkers for Animal Trypanosomosis |
| title_sort | metabolites from trypanosome infected cattle as sensitive biomarkers for animal trypanosomosis |
| topic | animal trypanosomosis metabolites biomarkers diagnostic volatile |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.922760/full |
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