Vehicle emissions of greenhouse gases and related tracers from a tunnel study: CO : CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O : CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> : CO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub> : CO<sub>2</sub> ratios, and the stable isotopes <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>18</sup>O in CO<sub>2</sub> and CO
Measurements of CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, N<sub>2</sub>O and CH<sub>4</sub> mole fractions, O<sub>2</sub> / N<sub>2</sub> ratios and the stable isotopes <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>18</sup>O in CO<sub>2</sub> and C...
| প্রধান লেখক: | , , , , , , |
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| বিন্যাস: | প্রবন্ধ |
| ভাষা: | English |
| প্রকাশিত: |
Copernicus Publications
2014-02-01
|
| মালা: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| অনলাইন ব্যবহার করুন: | http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/2105/2014/acp-14-2105-2014.pdf |
| _version_ | 1828879582669832192 |
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| author | M. E. Popa M. K. Vollmer A. Jordan W. A. Brand S. L. Pathirana M. Rothe T. Röckmann |
| author_facet | M. E. Popa M. K. Vollmer A. Jordan W. A. Brand S. L. Pathirana M. Rothe T. Röckmann |
| author_sort | M. E. Popa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Measurements of CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, N<sub>2</sub>O and CH<sub>4</sub> mole fractions,
O<sub>2</sub> / N<sub>2</sub> ratios and the stable isotopes <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>18</sup>O in
CO<sub>2</sub> and CO have been performed in air samples from the Islisberg
highway tunnel (Switzerland). The molar CO : CO<sub>2</sub> ratios, with an average
of (4.15 ± 0.34) ppb:ppm, are lower than reported in previous studies,
pointing to a reduction in CO emissions from traffic. The <sup>13</sup>C in
CO<sub>2</sub> reflects the isotopic composition of the fuel. <sup>18</sup>O in CO<sub>2</sub>
is slightly depleted compared to the <sup>18</sup>O in atmospheric O<sub>2</sub>, and
shows significant variability. In contrast, the δ<sup>13</sup>C values of
CO show that significant fractionation takes place during CO destruction in
the catalytic converter. <sup>13</sup>C in CO is enriched by 3‰ compared to the <sup>13</sup>C in the fuel burnt, while the
<sup>18</sup>O content is similar to that of atmospheric O<sub>2</sub>. We compute a
fractionation constant of (−2.7 ± 0.7)‰ for
<sup>13</sup>C during CO destruction. The N<sub>2</sub>O : CO<sub>2</sub> average ratio of (1.8 ± 0.2) × 10<sup>−2</sup> ppb:ppm is significantly lower than in
past studies, showing a reduction in N<sub>2</sub>O emissions likely related to
improvements in the catalytic converter technology. We also observed small
CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, with an average CH<sub>4</sub> : CO<sub>2</sub> ratio of (4.6 ± 0.2) × 10<sup>−2</sup> ppb:ppm.
The O<sub>2</sub> : CO<sub>2</sub> ratios of (−1.47 ± 0.01) ppm:ppm are very close to the expected, theoretically
calculated values of O<sub>2</sub> depletion per CO<sub>2</sub> enhancement. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T09:31:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1ce71e29f08643a1a46138faee8e3d98 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T09:31:07Z |
| publishDate | 2014-02-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-1ce71e29f08643a1a46138faee8e3d982022-12-21T23:52:29ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242014-02-011442105212310.5194/acp-14-2105-2014Vehicle emissions of greenhouse gases and related tracers from a tunnel study: CO : CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O : CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> : CO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub> : CO<sub>2</sub> ratios, and the stable isotopes <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>18</sup>O in CO<sub>2</sub> and COM. E. Popa0M. K. Vollmer1A. Jordan2W. A. Brand3S. L. Pathirana4M. Rothe5T. Röckmann6Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3508TA Utrecht, the NetherlandsEmpa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, SwitzerlandMax-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745 Jena, GermanyMax-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745 Jena, GermanyInstitute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3508TA Utrecht, the NetherlandsMax-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745 Jena, GermanyInstitute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3508TA Utrecht, the NetherlandsMeasurements of CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, N<sub>2</sub>O and CH<sub>4</sub> mole fractions, O<sub>2</sub> / N<sub>2</sub> ratios and the stable isotopes <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>18</sup>O in CO<sub>2</sub> and CO have been performed in air samples from the Islisberg highway tunnel (Switzerland). The molar CO : CO<sub>2</sub> ratios, with an average of (4.15 ± 0.34) ppb:ppm, are lower than reported in previous studies, pointing to a reduction in CO emissions from traffic. The <sup>13</sup>C in CO<sub>2</sub> reflects the isotopic composition of the fuel. <sup>18</sup>O in CO<sub>2</sub> is slightly depleted compared to the <sup>18</sup>O in atmospheric O<sub>2</sub>, and shows significant variability. In contrast, the δ<sup>13</sup>C values of CO show that significant fractionation takes place during CO destruction in the catalytic converter. <sup>13</sup>C in CO is enriched by 3‰ compared to the <sup>13</sup>C in the fuel burnt, while the <sup>18</sup>O content is similar to that of atmospheric O<sub>2</sub>. We compute a fractionation constant of (−2.7 ± 0.7)‰ for <sup>13</sup>C during CO destruction. The N<sub>2</sub>O : CO<sub>2</sub> average ratio of (1.8 ± 0.2) × 10<sup>−2</sup> ppb:ppm is significantly lower than in past studies, showing a reduction in N<sub>2</sub>O emissions likely related to improvements in the catalytic converter technology. We also observed small CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, with an average CH<sub>4</sub> : CO<sub>2</sub> ratio of (4.6 ± 0.2) × 10<sup>−2</sup> ppb:ppm. The O<sub>2</sub> : CO<sub>2</sub> ratios of (−1.47 ± 0.01) ppm:ppm are very close to the expected, theoretically calculated values of O<sub>2</sub> depletion per CO<sub>2</sub> enhancement.http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/2105/2014/acp-14-2105-2014.pdf |
| spellingShingle | M. E. Popa M. K. Vollmer A. Jordan W. A. Brand S. L. Pathirana M. Rothe T. Röckmann Vehicle emissions of greenhouse gases and related tracers from a tunnel study: CO : CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O : CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> : CO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub> : CO<sub>2</sub> ratios, and the stable isotopes <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>18</sup>O in CO<sub>2</sub> and CO Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Vehicle emissions of greenhouse gases and related tracers from a tunnel study: CO : CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O : CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> : CO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub> : CO<sub>2</sub> ratios, and the stable isotopes <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>18</sup>O in CO<sub>2</sub> and CO |
| title_full | Vehicle emissions of greenhouse gases and related tracers from a tunnel study: CO : CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O : CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> : CO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub> : CO<sub>2</sub> ratios, and the stable isotopes <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>18</sup>O in CO<sub>2</sub> and CO |
| title_fullStr | Vehicle emissions of greenhouse gases and related tracers from a tunnel study: CO : CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O : CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> : CO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub> : CO<sub>2</sub> ratios, and the stable isotopes <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>18</sup>O in CO<sub>2</sub> and CO |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vehicle emissions of greenhouse gases and related tracers from a tunnel study: CO : CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O : CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> : CO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub> : CO<sub>2</sub> ratios, and the stable isotopes <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>18</sup>O in CO<sub>2</sub> and CO |
| title_short | Vehicle emissions of greenhouse gases and related tracers from a tunnel study: CO : CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O : CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> : CO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub> : CO<sub>2</sub> ratios, and the stable isotopes <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>18</sup>O in CO<sub>2</sub> and CO |
| title_sort | vehicle emissions of greenhouse gases and related tracers from a tunnel study co co sub 2 sub n sub 2 sub o co sub 2 sub ch sub 4 sub co sub 2 sub o sub 2 sub co sub 2 sub ratios and the stable isotopes sup 13 sup c and sup 18 sup o in co sub 2 sub and co |
| url | http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/2105/2014/acp-14-2105-2014.pdf |
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