Alterations in Nonvolatile Components of Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) Induced by Insect Feeding under Field Conditions
Tea leaf components are affected by environmental factors such as insect feeding, and metabolites have been studied using specific insect and tea leaf model systems. However, in gardens, tea leaves are eaten by various insects. Because the components of tea may affect human health, the effect of ins...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/10/1078 |
| _version_ | 1797573677281181696 |
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| author | Ayumi Ito Jin Kamiya Nakako Katsuno Emiko Yanase |
| author_facet | Ayumi Ito Jin Kamiya Nakako Katsuno Emiko Yanase |
| author_sort | Ayumi Ito |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tea leaf components are affected by environmental factors such as insect feeding, and metabolites have been studied using specific insect and tea leaf model systems. However, in gardens, tea leaves are eaten by various insects. Because the components of tea may affect human health, the effect of insect damage on metabolites needs to be clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of insect feeding on the nonvolatile components of tea in a field experiment. Furthermore, we determined the effects of insect damage on the composition of black tea products. Tea leaves were sampled from insect-attacked and moderately insect-attacked areas. Catechins were quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Tea leaves were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, followed by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis and molecular networking analysis. The nonvolatile components in insect-attacked leaves were significantly affected. The amounts of gallate-type catechins in highly attacked leaves were approximately 1.2 times higher than in moderately attacked leaves. Furthermore, highly attacked leaves had increased levels of afzelechin gallate, procyanidins, and hydrolyzable tannins. These results varied with previous reports that used model systems with specific insects. In addition, some of these compounds were also detected as characteristic components in black tea from highly attacked leaves. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:12:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1cf75b6c422c426386986cf41a5fc763 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:12:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-1cf75b6c422c426386986cf41a5fc7632023-11-19T16:39:03ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242023-09-01910107810.3390/horticulturae9101078Alterations in Nonvolatile Components of Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) Induced by Insect Feeding under Field ConditionsAyumi Ito0Jin Kamiya1Nakako Katsuno2Emiko Yanase3The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu City 501-1193, JapanGifu Prefectural Agricultural Technology Center, 729-1 Matamaru, Gifu City 501-1152, JapanThe United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu City 501-1193, JapanThe United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu City 501-1193, JapanTea leaf components are affected by environmental factors such as insect feeding, and metabolites have been studied using specific insect and tea leaf model systems. However, in gardens, tea leaves are eaten by various insects. Because the components of tea may affect human health, the effect of insect damage on metabolites needs to be clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of insect feeding on the nonvolatile components of tea in a field experiment. Furthermore, we determined the effects of insect damage on the composition of black tea products. Tea leaves were sampled from insect-attacked and moderately insect-attacked areas. Catechins were quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Tea leaves were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, followed by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis and molecular networking analysis. The nonvolatile components in insect-attacked leaves were significantly affected. The amounts of gallate-type catechins in highly attacked leaves were approximately 1.2 times higher than in moderately attacked leaves. Furthermore, highly attacked leaves had increased levels of afzelechin gallate, procyanidins, and hydrolyzable tannins. These results varied with previous reports that used model systems with specific insects. In addition, some of these compounds were also detected as characteristic components in black tea from highly attacked leaves.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/10/1078insect feedingmolecular networking analysisorthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysisnonvolatile componentspolyphenols |
| spellingShingle | Ayumi Ito Jin Kamiya Nakako Katsuno Emiko Yanase Alterations in Nonvolatile Components of Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) Induced by Insect Feeding under Field Conditions Horticulturae insect feeding molecular networking analysis orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis nonvolatile components polyphenols |
| title | Alterations in Nonvolatile Components of Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) Induced by Insect Feeding under Field Conditions |
| title_full | Alterations in Nonvolatile Components of Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) Induced by Insect Feeding under Field Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Alterations in Nonvolatile Components of Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) Induced by Insect Feeding under Field Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Alterations in Nonvolatile Components of Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) Induced by Insect Feeding under Field Conditions |
| title_short | Alterations in Nonvolatile Components of Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) Induced by Insect Feeding under Field Conditions |
| title_sort | alterations in nonvolatile components of tea i camellia sinensis i induced by insect feeding under field conditions |
| topic | insect feeding molecular networking analysis orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis nonvolatile components polyphenols |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/10/1078 |
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