Activation of AMPK under Hypoxia: Many Roads Leading to Rome
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known as a pivotal cellular energy sensor, mediating the adaptation to low energy levels by deactivating anabolic processes and activating catabolic processes in order to restore the cellular ATP supply when the cellular AMP/ATP ratio is increased. Besides this...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/7/2428 |
| _version_ | 1797571792266592256 |
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| author | Franziska Dengler |
| author_facet | Franziska Dengler |
| author_sort | Franziska Dengler |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known as a pivotal cellular energy sensor, mediating the adaptation to low energy levels by deactivating anabolic processes and activating catabolic processes in order to restore the cellular ATP supply when the cellular AMP/ATP ratio is increased. Besides this well-known role, it has also been shown to exert protective effects under hypoxia. While an insufficient supply with oxygen might easily deplete cellular energy levels, i.e., ATP concentration, manifold other mechanisms have been suggested and are heavily disputed regarding the activation of AMPK under hypoxia independently from cellular AMP concentrations. However, an activation of AMPK preceding energy depletion could induce a timely adaptation reaction preventing more serious damage. A connection between AMPK and the master regulator of hypoxic adaptation via gene transcription, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), has also been taken into account, orchestrating their concerted protective action. This review will summarize the current knowledge on mechanisms of AMPK activation under hypoxia and its interrelationship with HIF. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:45:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1d03b7adc1d54b2fac071dc2e06883eb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:45:38Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-1d03b7adc1d54b2fac071dc2e06883eb2023-11-19T20:17:07ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-03-01217242810.3390/ijms21072428Activation of AMPK under Hypoxia: Many Roads Leading to RomeFranziska Dengler0Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyAMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known as a pivotal cellular energy sensor, mediating the adaptation to low energy levels by deactivating anabolic processes and activating catabolic processes in order to restore the cellular ATP supply when the cellular AMP/ATP ratio is increased. Besides this well-known role, it has also been shown to exert protective effects under hypoxia. While an insufficient supply with oxygen might easily deplete cellular energy levels, i.e., ATP concentration, manifold other mechanisms have been suggested and are heavily disputed regarding the activation of AMPK under hypoxia independently from cellular AMP concentrations. However, an activation of AMPK preceding energy depletion could induce a timely adaptation reaction preventing more serious damage. A connection between AMPK and the master regulator of hypoxic adaptation via gene transcription, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), has also been taken into account, orchestrating their concerted protective action. This review will summarize the current knowledge on mechanisms of AMPK activation under hypoxia and its interrelationship with HIF.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/7/2428AMPK[Ca<sup>2+</sup><sub>i</sub>]CaMKKFIH1HIFHIF-P4H |
| spellingShingle | Franziska Dengler Activation of AMPK under Hypoxia: Many Roads Leading to Rome International Journal of Molecular Sciences AMPK [Ca<sup>2+</sup><sub>i</sub>] CaMKK FIH1 HIF HIF-P4H |
| title | Activation of AMPK under Hypoxia: Many Roads Leading to Rome |
| title_full | Activation of AMPK under Hypoxia: Many Roads Leading to Rome |
| title_fullStr | Activation of AMPK under Hypoxia: Many Roads Leading to Rome |
| title_full_unstemmed | Activation of AMPK under Hypoxia: Many Roads Leading to Rome |
| title_short | Activation of AMPK under Hypoxia: Many Roads Leading to Rome |
| title_sort | activation of ampk under hypoxia many roads leading to rome |
| topic | AMPK [Ca<sup>2+</sup><sub>i</sub>] CaMKK FIH1 HIF HIF-P4H |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/7/2428 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT franziskadengler activationofampkunderhypoxiamanyroadsleadingtorome |