An In Vitro Model to Assess Early Immune Markers Following Co-Exposure of Epithelial Cells to Carbon Black (Nano)Particles in the Presence of <i>S. aureus</i>: A Role for Stressed Cells in Toxicological Testing

An In Vitro Model to Assess Early Immune Markers Following Co-Exposure of Epithelial Cells to Carbon Black (Nano)Particles in the Presence of <i>S. aureus</i>: A Role for Stressed Cells in Toxicological Testing

The exposure of human lung and skin to carbon black (CB) is continuous due to its widespread applications. Current toxicological testing uses ‘healthy’ cellular systems; however, questions remain whether this mimics the everyday stresses that human cells are exposed to, including infection. <i>...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Scott Brown, Stephen J. Evans, Michael J. Burgum, Kirsty Meldrum, Jack Herridge, Blessing Akinbola, Llinos G. Harris, Rowena Jenkins, Shareen H. Doak, Martin J. D. Clift, Thomas S. Wilkinson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-01-01
Series:Biomedicines
Subjects:
epithelial cells
A549
HaCaT
carbon black (nano)particles
cytokines
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/1/128

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