Pulmonary Toxicity of Polystyrene, Polypropylene, and Polyvinyl Chloride Microplastics in Mice
Globally, plastics are used in various products. Concerns regarding the human body’s exposure to plastics and environmental pollution have increased with increased plastic use. Microplastics can be detected in the atmosphere, leading to potential human health risks through inhalation; however, the t...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-11-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/22/7926 |
| _version_ | 1797464405787541504 |
|---|---|
| author | Isaac Kwabena Danso Jong-Hwan Woo Kyuhong Lee |
| author_facet | Isaac Kwabena Danso Jong-Hwan Woo Kyuhong Lee |
| author_sort | Isaac Kwabena Danso |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Globally, plastics are used in various products. Concerns regarding the human body’s exposure to plastics and environmental pollution have increased with increased plastic use. Microplastics can be detected in the atmosphere, leading to potential human health risks through inhalation; however, the toxic effects of microplastic inhalation are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the pulmonary toxicity of polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in C57BL/6, BALB/c, and ICR mice strains. Mice were intratracheally instilled with 5 mg/kg of PS, PP, or PVC daily for two weeks. PS stimulation increased inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of C57BL/6 and ICR mice. Histopathological analysis of PS-instilled C57BL/6 and PP-instilled ICR mice showed inflammatory cell infiltration. PS increased the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome components in the lung tissue of C57BL/6 and ICR mice, while PS-instilled BALB/c mice remained unchanged. PS stimulation increased inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-6, in BALF of C57BL/6 mice. PP-instilled ICR mice showed increased NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 in the lung tissue compared to the control groups and increased IL-1β levels in BALF. These results could provide baseline data for understanding the pulmonary toxicity of microplastic inhalation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:06:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1d08a297223d4255afcbc9636edfb89f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:06:39Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-1d08a297223d4255afcbc9636edfb89f2023-11-24T09:23:35ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-11-012722792610.3390/molecules27227926Pulmonary Toxicity of Polystyrene, Polypropylene, and Polyvinyl Chloride Microplastics in MiceIsaac Kwabena Danso0Jong-Hwan Woo1Kyuhong Lee2Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baekhak 1-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of KoreaInhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baekhak 1-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of KoreaInhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baekhak 1-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of KoreaGlobally, plastics are used in various products. Concerns regarding the human body’s exposure to plastics and environmental pollution have increased with increased plastic use. Microplastics can be detected in the atmosphere, leading to potential human health risks through inhalation; however, the toxic effects of microplastic inhalation are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the pulmonary toxicity of polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in C57BL/6, BALB/c, and ICR mice strains. Mice were intratracheally instilled with 5 mg/kg of PS, PP, or PVC daily for two weeks. PS stimulation increased inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of C57BL/6 and ICR mice. Histopathological analysis of PS-instilled C57BL/6 and PP-instilled ICR mice showed inflammatory cell infiltration. PS increased the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome components in the lung tissue of C57BL/6 and ICR mice, while PS-instilled BALB/c mice remained unchanged. PS stimulation increased inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-6, in BALF of C57BL/6 mice. PP-instilled ICR mice showed increased NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 in the lung tissue compared to the control groups and increased IL-1β levels in BALF. These results could provide baseline data for understanding the pulmonary toxicity of microplastic inhalation.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/22/7926polystyrenepolypropylenepolyvinyl chlorideC57BL/6 miceBALB/c miceICR mice |
| spellingShingle | Isaac Kwabena Danso Jong-Hwan Woo Kyuhong Lee Pulmonary Toxicity of Polystyrene, Polypropylene, and Polyvinyl Chloride Microplastics in Mice Molecules polystyrene polypropylene polyvinyl chloride C57BL/6 mice BALB/c mice ICR mice |
| title | Pulmonary Toxicity of Polystyrene, Polypropylene, and Polyvinyl Chloride Microplastics in Mice |
| title_full | Pulmonary Toxicity of Polystyrene, Polypropylene, and Polyvinyl Chloride Microplastics in Mice |
| title_fullStr | Pulmonary Toxicity of Polystyrene, Polypropylene, and Polyvinyl Chloride Microplastics in Mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pulmonary Toxicity of Polystyrene, Polypropylene, and Polyvinyl Chloride Microplastics in Mice |
| title_short | Pulmonary Toxicity of Polystyrene, Polypropylene, and Polyvinyl Chloride Microplastics in Mice |
| title_sort | pulmonary toxicity of polystyrene polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride microplastics in mice |
| topic | polystyrene polypropylene polyvinyl chloride C57BL/6 mice BALB/c mice ICR mice |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/22/7926 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT isaackwabenadanso pulmonarytoxicityofpolystyrenepolypropyleneandpolyvinylchloridemicroplasticsinmice AT jonghwanwoo pulmonarytoxicityofpolystyrenepolypropyleneandpolyvinylchloridemicroplasticsinmice AT kyuhonglee pulmonarytoxicityofpolystyrenepolypropyleneandpolyvinylchloridemicroplasticsinmice |