UV-Vis Spectrophotometry and UPLC–PDA Combined with Multivariate Calibration for <i>Kappaphycus alvarezii</i> (Doty) Doty ex Silva Standardization Based on Phenolic Compounds
The algae <i>Kappaphycus alvarezii</i> is considered an important raw material for industrial practices, producing high economic value of various derived products. However, the quality of this commodity, which can be indicated by the level of phenolic compounds, may vary due to growth fa...
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Scientia Pharmaceutica |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-0532/89/4/47 |
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| author | Selma Mutiarahma Venansius G. P. Putra Weni Chaniago Ceferino Carrera Sri Anggrahini Miguel Palma Widiastuti Setyaningsih |
| author_facet | Selma Mutiarahma Venansius G. P. Putra Weni Chaniago Ceferino Carrera Sri Anggrahini Miguel Palma Widiastuti Setyaningsih |
| author_sort | Selma Mutiarahma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The algae <i>Kappaphycus alvarezii</i> is considered an important raw material for industrial practices, producing high economic value of various derived products. However, the quality of this commodity, which can be indicated by the level of phenolic compounds, may vary due to growth factors, including cultivation sites. An analytical UV-Vis spectrophotometry method coupled with chemometrics was proposed to standardize the red alga based on the content of phenolic compounds. The correlation between the UV-Vis spectra and UPLC–PDA results, combined with a multivariate calibration of the <i>K. alvarezii</i> extracts, was analyzed. The extracts were prepared using an ultrasound-based technique and subsequently subjected to UV-Vis spectral measurements at 200–800 nm and UPLC–PDA at 260 and 330 nm. Chemometric techniques and partial least squares (PLS) were applied to the acquired data to build a reliable analysis of the phenolics in the <i>K. alvarezii</i> extracts. The result showed that the wavelength combination of 200–450 and 600–690 nm provided a valid method for quantitative analysis of the studied phenolics that belong to hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, and flavonoid with a coefficient of regression (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>) > 0.96 in the calibration and validation models, along with an RMSEC and RMSEP value < 8%. The method was then employed to characterize the <i>K. alvarezii</i> samples from 13 different cultivation areas. Principal component analysis (PCA) generated principal components that produced a clear distribution among the samples of <i>K. alvarezii</i> based on phenolic compounds corresponding to the geographical origin. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:10:21Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
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| series | Scientia Pharmaceutica |
| spelling | doaj.art-1d092e4f8ea2404da8924c9bf867ead72023-11-23T10:27:32ZengMDPI AGScientia Pharmaceutica0036-87092218-05322021-10-018944710.3390/scipharm89040047UV-Vis Spectrophotometry and UPLC–PDA Combined with Multivariate Calibration for <i>Kappaphycus alvarezii</i> (Doty) Doty ex Silva Standardization Based on Phenolic CompoundsSelma Mutiarahma0Venansius G. P. Putra1Weni Chaniago2Ceferino Carrera3Sri Anggrahini4Miguel Palma5Widiastuti Setyaningsih6Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Jalan Flora, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaDepartment of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Jalan Flora, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaDepartment of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Jalan Flora, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Campus del Rio San Pedro, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, SpainDepartment of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Jalan Flora, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Campus del Rio San Pedro, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, SpainDepartment of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Jalan Flora, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaThe algae <i>Kappaphycus alvarezii</i> is considered an important raw material for industrial practices, producing high economic value of various derived products. However, the quality of this commodity, which can be indicated by the level of phenolic compounds, may vary due to growth factors, including cultivation sites. An analytical UV-Vis spectrophotometry method coupled with chemometrics was proposed to standardize the red alga based on the content of phenolic compounds. The correlation between the UV-Vis spectra and UPLC–PDA results, combined with a multivariate calibration of the <i>K. alvarezii</i> extracts, was analyzed. The extracts were prepared using an ultrasound-based technique and subsequently subjected to UV-Vis spectral measurements at 200–800 nm and UPLC–PDA at 260 and 330 nm. Chemometric techniques and partial least squares (PLS) were applied to the acquired data to build a reliable analysis of the phenolics in the <i>K. alvarezii</i> extracts. The result showed that the wavelength combination of 200–450 and 600–690 nm provided a valid method for quantitative analysis of the studied phenolics that belong to hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, and flavonoid with a coefficient of regression (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>) > 0.96 in the calibration and validation models, along with an RMSEC and RMSEP value < 8%. The method was then employed to characterize the <i>K. alvarezii</i> samples from 13 different cultivation areas. Principal component analysis (PCA) generated principal components that produced a clear distribution among the samples of <i>K. alvarezii</i> based on phenolic compounds corresponding to the geographical origin.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-0532/89/4/47chemometricsflavonoidpartial least squaresphenolic acidprincipal component analysis |
| spellingShingle | Selma Mutiarahma Venansius G. P. Putra Weni Chaniago Ceferino Carrera Sri Anggrahini Miguel Palma Widiastuti Setyaningsih UV-Vis Spectrophotometry and UPLC–PDA Combined with Multivariate Calibration for <i>Kappaphycus alvarezii</i> (Doty) Doty ex Silva Standardization Based on Phenolic Compounds Scientia Pharmaceutica chemometrics flavonoid partial least squares phenolic acid principal component analysis |
| title | UV-Vis Spectrophotometry and UPLC–PDA Combined with Multivariate Calibration for <i>Kappaphycus alvarezii</i> (Doty) Doty ex Silva Standardization Based on Phenolic Compounds |
| title_full | UV-Vis Spectrophotometry and UPLC–PDA Combined with Multivariate Calibration for <i>Kappaphycus alvarezii</i> (Doty) Doty ex Silva Standardization Based on Phenolic Compounds |
| title_fullStr | UV-Vis Spectrophotometry and UPLC–PDA Combined with Multivariate Calibration for <i>Kappaphycus alvarezii</i> (Doty) Doty ex Silva Standardization Based on Phenolic Compounds |
| title_full_unstemmed | UV-Vis Spectrophotometry and UPLC–PDA Combined with Multivariate Calibration for <i>Kappaphycus alvarezii</i> (Doty) Doty ex Silva Standardization Based on Phenolic Compounds |
| title_short | UV-Vis Spectrophotometry and UPLC–PDA Combined with Multivariate Calibration for <i>Kappaphycus alvarezii</i> (Doty) Doty ex Silva Standardization Based on Phenolic Compounds |
| title_sort | uv vis spectrophotometry and uplc pda combined with multivariate calibration for i kappaphycus alvarezii i doty doty ex silva standardization based on phenolic compounds |
| topic | chemometrics flavonoid partial least squares phenolic acid principal component analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-0532/89/4/47 |
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